Global miljöpåverkan från konsumtion på lokal och regional nivå

The report explains the difference between traditional and consumption-based emissions accounting, noting that Sweden's consumption-based emissions are approximately double its national emissions. It introduces REAP, a tool developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute that uses multi-regional input-output (MRIO) models and geodemographic data to calculate the environmental footprint of Swedish consumption at national, regional, and local levels. The document provides case studies from Luleå, Härjedalen, and Lund to demonstrate how REAP's scenario function can model the impact of policy changes in transport, energy, and food waste on greenhouse gas emissions and the ecological footprint.

• Consumption-based emissions accounting reveals a significantly higher environmental impact than traditional national accounting; for Sweden, consumption-based emissions are approximately double the national figures.
• While Sweden has seen a decrease in total national carbon emissions over many years, consumption-based emissions have increased, partly due to the outsourcing of emissions through international trade.
• Sweden's consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions are approximately 14 tonnes of CO2e per person per year, which is more than double the global average of about six tonnes.
• For Swedish households, the three largest contributors to the climate footprint are housing, food, and transport, each accounting for between 22% and 25% of the total.
• Within the food sector, meat consumption is the single largest contributor to the climate footprint.
• Sweden's ecological footprint was 5.9 global hectares per person in 2007, implying that if everyone lived like Swedes, it would require 3.25 Earths.
• Indirect emissions—those embedded in the production and distribution of goods—account for approximately 80% of total Swedish household greenhouse gas emissions.
• A scenario analysis for Luleå municipality suggests that combining population growth with increased carpooling, reduced car travel, improved fuel efficiency, and longer vehicle ownership could reduce total transport-related emissions from private cars by 58%, from 85 kton to 36 kton CO2e.
• In Härjedalen, a scenario reducing household electricity consumption by 25% by 2030 would decrease total energy-related greenhouse gas emissions by 19%, from 24 kton to 20 kton CO2e.
• In Lund, reducing food waste through better planning and utilization of leftovers could reduce the ecological footprint of food consumption by 11%, from 1.45 to 1.29 global hectares per person by 2020.

APA

Axelsson, K. (2012). Global miljöpåverkan från konsumtion på lokal och regional nivå. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/SEI-ProjectReport-Axelsson-GlobalMiljopaverkanFranKonsumtionPaLokalOchRegionalNiva-2012.pdf

Chicago

Axelsson, Katarina. Global miljöpåverkan från konsumtion på lokal och regional nivå. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2012. https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/SEI-ProjectReport-Axelsson-GlobalMiljopaverkanFranKonsumtionPaLokalOchRegionalNiva-2012.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Axelsson |first1=Katarina |title=Global miljöpåverkan från konsumtion på lokal och regional nivå |publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute |date=2012 |url=https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/SEI-ProjectReport-Axelsson-GlobalMiljopaverkanFranKonsumtionPaLokalOchRegionalNiva-2012.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{axelsson2012global, author = {Axelsson, Katarina}, title = {{Global miljöpåverkan från konsumtion på lokal och regional nivå}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2012}, url = {https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/SEI-ProjectReport-Axelsson-GlobalMiljopaverkanFranKonsumtionPaLokalOchRegionalNiva-2012.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }