Interacting effects of change in climate, human population, land use and water use on biodiversity and ecosystem services

The paper argues that the simultaneous impacts of multiple drivers—climate, population, land use, and water use—on biodiversity and ecosystem services are largely unknown and rarely analysed together. Using the Norrström drainage basin in Sweden as a case study, the authors highlight that despite significant historical changes since the 19th century, including a 1.6°C temperature increase and rapid urbanization, there is insufficient data on the resulting impacts on biodiversity. The authors advocate for interdisciplinary research and the use of matching-scale data to support adaptive governance.

• Since the 19th century, the Norrström drainage basin in south-central Sweden has undergone significant interlinked changes, including a temperature rise of 1.6°C, rapid population growth, urbanization, and major shifts in land and water use, yet the specific impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services remain poorly understood.
• Current scientific analysis often fails to examine the drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem service loss simultaneously, which limits the ability to project future effects and support adaptive governance.
• To improve the understanding of complex linked changes, scientists should adopt interdisciplinary approaches that analyze multiple drivers and their interactions over time using matching-scale data from various disciplines.

APA

Stockholm Environment Institute (2015). Interacting effects of change in climate, human population, land use and water use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. https://www.sei.org/publications/interacting-effects-of-change-in-climate-human-population-land-use-and-water-use-on-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-services/

Chicago

Stockholm Environment Institute. Interacting effects of change in climate, human population, land use and water use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. 2015. https://www.sei.org/publications/interacting-effects-of-change-in-climate-human-population-land-use-and-water-use-on-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-services/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Stockholm Environment Institute |title=Interacting effects of change in climate, human population, land use and water use on biodiversity and ecosystem services |date=18 February 2015 |url=https://www.sei.org/publications/interacting-effects-of-change-in-climate-human-population-land-use-and-water-use-on-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-services/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{stockholmenvironmentinstitute2015interacting, author = {{Stockholm Environment Institute}}, title = {{Interacting effects of change in climate, human population, land use and water use on biodiversity and ecosystem services}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2015}, month = feb, url = {https://www.sei.org/publications/interacting-effects-of-change-in-climate-human-population-land-use-and-water-use-on-biodiversity-and-ecosystem-services/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }