State Infrastructural Power and the Bantustans: The Case of School Education in the Transkei and Ciskei

This research paper examines the 'infrastructural power' and authority of state education administrations in the Transkei and Ciskei bantustans during and after 'homeland' rule, specifically focusing on the 1970s and the post-apartheid period.

• During the 1970s, as education systems expanded in the Ciskei and Transkei, the education administrations maintained weak control over this expansion and provided uneven supervision regarding teacher performance and the distribution of school resources.
• While professional teacher associations attempted to limit protests against the bantustan state and separate development policies, they were unable to ensure compliance from a teaching workforce that was stressed and demoralized by the massification of education.
• Despite the occasional use of despotic force against political dissent, many schools operated with significant autonomy from the bantustan administrations, and this weakness in state authority within the education sector has persisted into the post-apartheid period in the Eastern Cape.

APA

Meny-Gibert, S. (2019). State Infrastructural Power and the Bantustans: The Case of School Education in the Transkei and Ciskei. Public Affairs Research Institute. https://pari.org.za/article-state-infrastructural-power-and-the-bantustans-the-case-of-school-education-in-the-transkei-and-ciskei/

Chicago

Meny-Gibert, Sarah. State Infrastructural Power and the Bantustans: The Case of School Education in the Transkei and Ciskei. Public Affairs Research Institute, 2019. https://pari.org.za/article-state-infrastructural-power-and-the-bantustans-the-case-of-school-education-in-the-transkei-and-ciskei/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Meny-Gibert |first1=Sarah |title=State Infrastructural Power and the Bantustans: The Case of School Education in the Transkei and Ciskei |publisher=Public Affairs Research Institute |date=29 April 2019 |url=https://pari.org.za/article-state-infrastructural-power-and-the-bantustans-the-case-of-school-education-in-the-transkei-and-ciskei/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{menygibert2019state, author = {Meny-Gibert, Sarah}, title = {{State Infrastructural Power and the Bantustans: The Case of School Education in the Transkei and Ciskei}}, institution = {Public Affairs Research Institute}, year = {2019}, month = apr, url = {https://pari.org.za/article-state-infrastructural-power-and-the-bantustans-the-case-of-school-education-in-the-transkei-and-ciskei/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }