Rwanda’s Climate Adaptation Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning System in the Sectors of Human Settlements and Transport

The report evaluates Rwanda's progress on climate adaptation indicators for human settlements and transport. Key findings include an increase in rural households in planned settlements to 65.4% and the implementation of stormwater-inclusive master plans in 16 districts. However, urban informal settlements remain at 61.3%, and urban green space (19.89%) falls short of the 30% target. The transport sector has developed comprehensive resilience guidelines and expanded scheduled bus routes to 14,475 km, though road vulnerability assessments show significant risks in the Western, Northern, and Southern Provinces.

• The percentage of the urban population living in informal settlements remained stagnant at 61.3%, failing to show reduction toward the 2025 target of 47%.
• Rural planned settlements showed improvement, increasing from a baseline of 61.7% to 65.4% as of 2022, though this remains below the 2025 target of 80%.
• The average share of built-up area in cities dedicated to open and public space (OPS) is 19.89%, which is below the 30% target; however, including wetlands and woodlands would increase this figure to 34.44%.
• Water and sanitation access shows incremental progress, with 89.2% of households accessing improved water sources and 92% accessing improved sanitation facilities according to RPHC5 data, though significant disparities persist between urban and rural areas.
• Rwanda has implemented master plans with stormwater considerations in 16 out of 30 districts, with an additional seven districts currently formulating such plans.
• The transport sector has established a comprehensive set of environmental and engineering guidelines for climate-resilient roads, including Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA) and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIA), though implementation is hindered by poor-quality assessments and insufficient investment.
• A 2021 vulnerability assessment confirmed that 66% of GIS-mapped road vulnerabilities are at moderate to high levels, with erosion, landslides, and flooding posing severe threats particularly in the Western, Northern, and Southern Provinces.
• Public transport infrastructure has expanded, with the cumulative length of scheduled bus routes reaching 14,475 km by 2022–23, exceeding the target of 14,082 km.

APA

Tsinda, A., & Ntaganda, B. (2024). Rwanda’s Climate Adaptation Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning System in the Sectors of Human Settlements and Transport. NAP Global Network. https://napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/rwanda-mel-report-phase-2-v8.pdf

Chicago

Tsinda, Aime, and Brenda Ntaganda. Rwanda’s Climate Adaptation Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning System in the Sectors of Human Settlements and Transport. NAP Global Network, 2024. https://napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/rwanda-mel-report-phase-2-v8.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Tsinda |first1=Aime |last2=Ntaganda |first2=Brenda |title=Rwanda’s Climate Adaptation Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning System in the Sectors of Human Settlements and Transport |publisher=NAP Global Network |date=September 2024 |url=https://napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/rwanda-mel-report-phase-2-v8.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{tsinda2024rwandas, author = {Tsinda, Aime and Ntaganda, Brenda}, title = {{Rwanda’s Climate Adaptation Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning System in the Sectors of Human Settlements and Transport}}, institution = {NAP Global Network}, year = {2024}, month = sep, url = {https://napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/rwanda-mel-report-phase-2-v8.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }