Document2 Final

The author applies the 'non-offensive defence' (NOD) framework to sub-Saharan Africa, finding that most states lack the logistics, equipment, and troop density to launch large-scale offensives. This creates a 'zone of mutual defensive superiority' by default, though the author warns this is coupled with a dangerous inability to protect citizens from internal repression or external predators. The paper suggests that instead of individual state armaments, the region should pursue a 'division of labour' for power projection through multilateral organisations like the African Union.

• Sub-Saharan Africa is characterized as a 'zone of mutual defensive superiority' because most states lack the capacity to launch or sustain large-scale cross-border offensives, making large-scale interstate war unlikely.

APA

Institute for Security Studies (n.d.). Document2 Final. https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/ACHIEVINGMOLLER.PDF

Chicago

Institute for Security Studies. Document2 Final. n.d. https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/ACHIEVINGMOLLER.PDF.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Institute for Security Studies |title=Document2 Final |url=https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/ACHIEVINGMOLLER.PDF |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{instituteforsecuritystudiesnddocument2, author = {{Institute for Security Studies}}, title = {{Document2 Final}}, institution = {Institute for Security Studies}, url = {https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/ACHIEVINGMOLLER.PDF}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }