PSC Report

This May 2011 report by the Institute for Security Studies provides early warning analysis and country updates for the African Union Peace and Security Council (PSC). It focuses on political transitions and instability in Djibouti, Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya, while also reviewing the PSC's efforts to protect women and children in armed conflicts.

• The April 8, 2011, presidential elections in Djibouti were characterized as 'one-sided' and lacking in 'fairness and competitiveness,' resulting in President Ismail Omar Guelleh extending his power for another five years with approximately 80.63 per cent of the vote.
• Djibouti faces persistent internal risks of political unrest driven by high corruption, inequalities, and unemployment, which is reported to be in the range of 40 to 50 percent.
• Tensions between Djibouti and Eritrea remain unresolved despite a June 2010 agreement mediated by Qatar; Djiboutians believe Eritrea seeks to 'disrupt the Djibouti corridor' and re-establish influence in the Horn of Africa.
• In Egypt, a March 19, 2011, referendum passed constitutional amendments with 77 percent approval, limiting the president to two four-year terms and introducing judicial supervision for elections.
• The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt announced plans on April 30, 2011, to form the Freedom and Justice Party, aiming to contest 45 to 50 percent of parliamentary seats in the September 2011 elections.
• Tunisia's transition is hindered by a lack of 'legitimate leadership' and volatility, evidenced by the escape of over 800 inmates from prisons in Kasserine and Gafsa on April 29, 2011.
• Tunisian authorities decided on April 12, 2011, to ban any member of the Rassemblement Constitutionnel Démocratique (RCD) from running for public office for 10 years.
• The conflict in Libya reached a stalemate by April 2011, as NATO air attacks destroyed government air capabilities but failed to dismantle ground military capabilities, leading to a 'protracted conflict'.
• The Libyan Transitional National Council (TNC) gained international recognition from Italy and Kuwait on April 4, 2011, and began exporting oil with facilitation from Qatar, generating 100 million USD.
• The AU's proposed roadmap for a peaceful resolution in Libya was rejected by the TNC, which insisted that Muammar Gaddafi must relinquish power before any ceasefire discussions.
• The PSC held an open session on March 28, 2011, regarding vulnerable groups in armed conflict, noting that women and children in Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, and Libya have been victimized, with sexual violence in some cases reaching 'epidemic proportions'.

APA

Kent-Brown, D., Dersso, S. A., Lulie, H., Yoseph, E. Y., & Mesfin, B. (2011). PSC Report. Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PSC22_May11.pdf

Chicago

Kent-Brown, Duke, Solomon Ayele Dersso, Hallelujah Lulie, Eden Yohannes Yoseph, and Berouk Mesfin. PSC Report. Institute for Security Studies, 2011. https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PSC22_May11.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Kent-Brown |first1=Duke |last2=Dersso |first2=Solomon Ayele |last3=Lulie |first3=Hallelujah |last4=Yoseph |first4=Eden Yohannes |last5=Mesfin |first5=Berouk |title=PSC Report |publisher=Institute for Security Studies |date=May 2011 |url=https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PSC22_May11.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{kentbrown2011psc, author = {Kent-Brown, Duke and Dersso, Solomon Ayele and Lulie, Hallelujah and Yoseph, Eden Yohannes and Mesfin, Berouk}, title = {{PSC Report}}, institution = {Institute for Security Studies}, year = {2011}, month = may, url = {https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PSC22_May11.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }