Peacekeeping in the DRC. MONUC and the Road to Peace

This monograph examines the peace process in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), focusing on the Lusaka Peace Agreement and the role of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) in managing the transition from conflict to stability.

• The Lusaka Peace Agreement established a framework for peace in the DRC that included the normalization of borders, control of illicit arms trafficking, the holding of a national dialogue on government, addressing security concerns, and creating a mechanism to disarm militias.
• MONUC was mandated to implement the Ceasefire Agreement with four primary objectives: verifying military information, maintaining the cessation of hostilities and redeployment of forces, the comprehensive disarmament, demobilization, resettlement, and reintegration of armed groups, and the withdrawal of foreign forces.
• The UN Secretary-General proposed a three-phase implementation for the ceasefire: first, deploying unarmed military liaison officers to capitals and rebel headquarters; second, deploying up to 500 military observers within the DRC; and third, deploying a full peacekeeping force.
• While MONUC has verified the disengagement of armed forces and reached a maximum authorized strength of 5,537 personnel, volatility in the Kivu provinces remains a major obstacle to transitioning to phase III operations, which focus on the disarmament and reintegration of armed groups.
• Achieving sustainable peace in the DRC requires more than military intervention; it necessitates a long-term international commitment to peacebuilding and development lasting decades to recreate the state and engage a population that has experienced corrupt and exploitative governance.

APA

Cilliers, J., & Malan, M. (n.d.). Peacekeeping in the DRC. MONUC and the Road to Peace. Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/research/monographs/monograph-66-peacekeeping-in-the-drc.-monuc-and-the-road-to-peace-jakkie-cilliers-and-mark-malan

Chicago

Cilliers, Jakkie, and Mark Malan. Peacekeeping in the DRC. MONUC and the Road to Peace. Institute for Security Studies, n.d. https://issafrica.org/research/monographs/monograph-66-peacekeeping-in-the-drc.-monuc-and-the-road-to-peace-jakkie-cilliers-and-mark-malan.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Cilliers |first1=Jakkie |last2=Malan |first2=Mark |title=Peacekeeping in the DRC. MONUC and the Road to Peace |publisher=Institute for Security Studies |url=https://issafrica.org/research/monographs/monograph-66-peacekeeping-in-the-drc.-monuc-and-the-road-to-peace-jakkie-cilliers-and-mark-malan |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{cilliersndpeacekeeping, author = {Cilliers, Jakkie and Malan, Mark}, title = {{Peacekeeping in the DRC. MONUC and the Road to Peace}}, institution = {Institute for Security Studies}, url = {https://issafrica.org/research/monographs/monograph-66-peacekeeping-in-the-drc.-monuc-and-the-road-to-peace-jakkie-cilliers-and-mark-malan}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }