Refreshing Africa's future: prospects for achieving universal WASH access by 2030

This research paper evaluates Africa's progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 (universal access to water, sanitation, and hygiene) by 2030 using the International Futures forecasting system.

• The research indicates that Africa is currently not on track to achieve universal access to water, sanitation, and hygiene by the 2030 target date.
• The paper utilizes two alternative scenarios to evaluate the costs and benefits of increasing access: one involving an aggressive push toward universal access and another moderate approach based on the 2015 baselines of individual countries.

APA

Markle, A., & Donnenfeld, Z. (n.d.). Refreshing Africa's future: prospects for achieving universal WASH access by 2030. Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.org/research/papers/refreshing-africas-future-prospects-for-achieving-universal-wash-access-by-2030

Chicago

Markle, Alanna, and Zachary Donnenfeld. Refreshing Africa's future: prospects for achieving universal WASH access by 2030. Institute for Security Studies, n.d. https://issafrica.org/research/papers/refreshing-africas-future-prospects-for-achieving-universal-wash-access-by-2030.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Markle |first1=Alanna |last2=Donnenfeld |first2=Zachary |title=Refreshing Africa's future: prospects for achieving universal WASH access by 2030 |publisher=Institute for Security Studies |url=https://issafrica.org/research/papers/refreshing-africas-future-prospects-for-achieving-universal-wash-access-by-2030 |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{marklendrefreshing, author = {Markle, Alanna and Donnenfeld, Zachary}, title = {{Refreshing Africa's future: prospects for achieving universal WASH access by 2030}}, institution = {Institute for Security Studies}, url = {https://issafrica.org/research/papers/refreshing-africas-future-prospects-for-achieving-universal-wash-access-by-2030}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }