Mozambique: CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

This report provides conclusions and policy recommendations for Mozambique's development trajectory toward 2043. It argues that the 'Current Path' is non-viable due to governance and structural bottlenecks, and proposes an integrated development approach focusing on governance, agricultural productivity, economic diversification, human capital, and climate resilience.

• The 'Current Path' development trajectory to 2043 is considered non-viable because Mozambique is likely to miss most targets in its National Development Strategy (2023-2043) and will likely see an increase in the number of people living in extreme poverty by 2043, despite revenues from gas megaprojects. This is attributed to challenges including weak governance, corruption, slow demographic transition, human capital and infrastructure bottlenecks, limited economic diversification, and low agriculture productivity.
• To improve governance and tackle corruption, the report recommends digitising exchanges between government, citizens, and businesses, punishing corrupt practitioners, utilizing independent investigative journalism to monitor procurement and financing, and using digitisation to enhance tax efficiency and domestic revenue mobilisation.
• Agricultural improvements should focus on expanding all-weather rural road networks to boost incomes and health outcomes, investing in drought-resistant seedlings and fertiliser, and adopting nature-based solutions like catchment rehabilitation and ecosystem restoration to protect against floods and climate change.
• Economic diversification and industrialisation strategies should include reducing business costs for SMEs, leveraging the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) zero-tariff privilege to attract manufacturing FDI for US exports, and aligning the National Trade Policy with the AfCFTA to move away from primary goods.
• Human capital development requires increasing the qualified-teacher/pupil ratio in rural areas and expanding vocational education (TVET) and STEM courses to address a shortage of qualified Mozambican engineers in the gas sector. Additionally, the report recommends accelerating the demographic transition by increasing contraceptive uptake among younger, rural populations and educating men on family planning.

APA

Yeboua, K., & Chipanda, B. (2026). Mozambique: CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS. Institute for Security Studies. https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/guide.pdf?geography=MZ&topic=05-conclusion

Chicago

Yeboua, Kouassi, and Blessing Chipanda. Mozambique: CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS. Institute for Security Studies, 2026. https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/guide.pdf?geography=MZ&topic=05-conclusion.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Yeboua |first1=Kouassi |last2=Chipanda |first2=Blessing |title=Mozambique: CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS |publisher=Institute for Security Studies |date=31 May 2026 |url=https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/guide.pdf?geography=MZ&topic=05-conclusion |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{yeboua2026mozambique, author = {Yeboua, Kouassi and Chipanda, Blessing}, title = {{Mozambique: CONCLUSION \& RECOMMENDATIONS}}, institution = {Institute for Security Studies}, year = {2026}, month = may, url = {https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/guide.pdf?geography=MZ&topic=05-conclusion}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }