A Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) Assessment of Bus Fleet Electrification in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

The document outlines the SAVi methodology applied to Ulaanbaatar's bus fleet, utilizing causal loop diagrams and integrated cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the transition from internal combustion engine (ICE) buses to electric vehicles (EVs). It details the indicators used—ranging from GHG emissions and air pollution to retail revenues and employment—and provides the specific data assumptions, such as a 10-year implementation period and a 40% reduction in maintenance costs for electric buses compared to ICE buses.

• The SAVi assessment identifies that electrifying the bus fleet in Ulaanbaatar is expected to result in lower air and noise pollution, reduced CO2 emissions, and significant savings in maintenance and fuel costs.
• The analysis uses a causal loop diagram (CLD) to show that electric bus systems can improve economic outcomes by increasing retail revenues around bus stations and increasing overall bus revenues, while also enhancing social outcomes through employment.
• A specific balancing loop in the system dynamics model shows that the potential for CO2 emissions from power generation to limit EV demand is weakened in Ulaanbaatar because the city's electric grid is primarily coal-based.
• The assessment is based on a current fleet of 1,303 buses, consisting of 1,213 ICE buses and 90 electric buses, with a proposed 10-year implementation timeline for full electrification.
• Data assumptions for the model include a 40% reduction in maintenance costs for electric buses compared to ICE buses and an average annual cost reduction of 7% due to technological improvements in EVs.

APA

Kapetanakis, M. (2026). A Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) Assessment of Bus Fleet Electrification in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2026-05/savi-bus-fleet-electrification-mongolia-methodological-note.pdf

Chicago

Kapetanakis, Michail. A Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) Assessment of Bus Fleet Electrification in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2026. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2026-05/savi-bus-fleet-electrification-mongolia-methodological-note.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Kapetanakis |first1=Michail |title=A Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) Assessment of Bus Fleet Electrification in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=May 2026 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2026-05/savi-bus-fleet-electrification-mongolia-methodological-note.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{kapetanakis2026sustainable, author = {Kapetanakis, Michail}, title = {{A Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) Assessment of Bus Fleet Electrification in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2026}, month = may, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2026-05/savi-bus-fleet-electrification-mongolia-methodological-note.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }