Gender in Mining Governance: An annotated bibliography for large-scale mining

The document is an annotated bibliography compiled by the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF) to map resources on gender in large-scale mining governance. It covers a wide range of themes, including women's employment, gender-based violence, community engagement, and impact assessments. The bibliography highlights the systemic underrepresentation of women in mining leadership—with less than one-fifth of global leadership positions held by women—and the disproportionate negative impacts of mining on women in affected communities. It identifies tools for gender-responsive due diligence, the importance of intersectional analysis (particularly for Indigenous women), and the correlation between gender diversity on corporate boards and improved company performance.

• Women are significantly underrepresented in the leadership of global mining companies, with less than 20% of leadership positions filled by women. Specifically, women occupy just under 15% of executive positions, 18.1% of board positions, and 13.2% of C-suite roles.
• Mining operations are linked to increased gender-based violence (GBV) in affected communities. In South Africa, 85% of surveyed women linked the increase in violence to mine development, and 40% reported that mining jobs were only accessible through sexual favours.
• Research indicates a positive correlation between the representation of women on corporate boards and senior management and improved company performance across financial, governance, social, and environmental metrics.
• Women in mining-affected communities often experience minimal benefits from the sector due to biased regulatory frameworks, social norms, and a lack of gender equality policies, while bearing a disproportionate share of the costs and impacts.
• The bibliography emphasizes the need for intersectional gender analysis, particularly for Indigenous women, to account for how sex and gender intersect with other identity factors like indigeneity in impact assessments.
• Mine decline and closure can exacerbate gender inequalities and increase women's vulnerability socially, economically, and domestically, leading to higher crime rates, prostitution, and food insecurity.
• Women entrepreneurs face specific barriers to entering mining supply chains, including cultural restrictions on negotiations, legal obstacles to property ownership, and lack of financing.

APA

Tekinbas, E., & Deonandan, K. (2021). Gender in Mining Governance: An annotated bibliography for large-scale mining. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-03/gender-mining-governance-bibliography.pdf

Chicago

Tekinbas, Ege, and Kalowatie Deonandan. Gender in Mining Governance: An annotated bibliography for large-scale mining. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2021. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-03/gender-mining-governance-bibliography.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Tekinbas |first1=Ege |last2=Deonandan |first2=Kalowatie |title=Gender in Mining Governance: An annotated bibliography for large-scale mining |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=March 2021 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-03/gender-mining-governance-bibliography.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{tekinbas2021gender, author = {Tekinbas, Ege and Deonandan, Kalowatie}, title = {{Gender in Mining Governance: An annotated bibliography for large-scale mining}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2021}, month = mar, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-03/gender-mining-governance-bibliography.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }