Biodiversité et gouvernance minière : Sénégal et Turquie

The document outlines a framework for integrating biodiversity protection into mining governance through the 'mitigation hierarchy' (avoidance, minimization, rehabilitation, and compensation). It provides detailed case studies of the Mako gold project in Senegal and the Öksüt gold mine in Turkey to demonstrate how these principles can be applied to achieve 'no net loss' or a 'net gain' of biodiversity. The text also offers guidance for governments on developing national biodiversity policies and institutional frameworks to oversee mining impacts.

• The mitigation hierarchy (HA) is a structured framework used to reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, prioritizing actions in the order of avoidance, minimization, rehabilitation/restoration, and finally compensation as a last resort.
• Mining activities are identified as the fourth largest driver of global forest loss, with impacts varying based on the scale of operation and the type of mineral extracted; bulk minerals like iron ore require more extensive infrastructure than high-value minerals like gold or diamonds.
• In Senegal, the Mako gold project implemented the mitigation hierarchy to protect the Western chimpanzee, reducing the mine's footprint to approximately 300 hectares—half of the original plan—and rerouting access roads to avoid fragmenting critical habitats.
• The Mako project's compensation program involves a 1,800 km² intervention zone in the south-east of the Niokolo-Koba National Park, collaborating with the Senegalese government and the NGO Panthera to improve security and environmental management.
• In Turkey, the Öksüt gold mine established a biodiversity baseline to protect migratory birds near the Sultan Marshes National Park, installing diverters every 10 meters along power lines to prevent collisions and electrocutions.
• The Öksüt mine set compensation targets at 120% of the expected net loss for vulnerable flora species, such as Campanula stricta var. aladagensis and Verbascum luridiflorum, to create a safety margin for project success.
• Governments are encouraged to adopt national biodiversity policies that move from cumulative loss toward 'no net loss' (APN) and eventually 'net positive impact' (IPN), supported by clear legislation and interministerial coordination.

APA

Crawford, A., & Furnell, S. (2022). Biodiversité et gouvernance minière : Sénégal et Turquie. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-03/igf-case-study-biodiversity-mining-senegal-turkey-fr.pdf

Chicago

Crawford, Alec, and Simon Furnell. Biodiversité et gouvernance minière : Sénégal et Turquie. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2022. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-03/igf-case-study-biodiversity-mining-senegal-turkey-fr.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Crawford |first1=Alec |last2=Furnell |first2=Simon |title=Biodiversité et gouvernance minière : Sénégal et Turquie |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=2022 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-03/igf-case-study-biodiversity-mining-senegal-turkey-fr.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{crawford2022biodiversit, author = {Crawford, Alec and Furnell, Simon}, title = {{Biodiversité et gouvernance minière : Sénégal et Turquie}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2022}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-03/igf-case-study-biodiversity-mining-senegal-turkey-fr.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }