Biodiversidad y gobernanza minera: Senegal y Turquía

The document outlines a framework for managing the environmental impacts of mining through the 'mitigation hierarchy'—avoid, minimize, rehabilitate, and offset. It provides detailed case studies of the Mako Gold project in Senegal and the Öksüt gold mine in Turkey to illustrate how these principles can be applied to protect priority species and habitats, such as western chimpanzees and the Irano-Anatolian steppe, while aligning with international standards and national policies.

• The mining industry utilizes a 'mitigation hierarchy' (MH) to manage biodiversity impacts, prioritizing the avoidance of impacts first, followed by minimization, rehabilitation/restoration, and using offsets only as a last resort.
• Mining activities are identified as the fourth leading cause of global biodiversity loss, with impacts categorized as direct (habitat loss, pollution), indirect (human migration, hunting), and cumulative (combined successive impacts).
• Governments are encouraged to adopt national biodiversity policies that set explicit goals, such as 'no net loss' (NNL) or 'net positive impact' (NPI), and to integrate these into environmental and social impact assessments (ESIAs).
• In Senegal, the Mako Gold project implemented the mitigation hierarchy to protect western chimpanzees by reducing the mine's footprint to 300 hectares (half the original size) and diverting access roads to avoid fragmenting habitats.
• The Mako Gold project's offset program involves a 1,800 km2 intervention zone in the Niokolo-Koba National Park to improve conservation management and security.
• In Turkey, the Öksüt gold mine established a biodiversity baseline to protect migratory birds near the Sultan Marshes National Park, installing diverters every 10 meters along power lines to prevent collisions.
• The Öksüt mine addressed residual impacts on vulnerable flora (Campanula stricta var. aladagensis and Verbascum luridiflorum) and the Irano-Anatolian steppe by setting offset targets at 120% of the predicted net loss to ensure a safety margin.

APA

Crawford, A., & Furnell, S. (2022). Biodiversidad y gobernanza minera: Senegal y Turquía. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-04/igf-case-study-biodiversity-mining-senegal-turkey-es.pdf

Chicago

Crawford, Alec, and Simon Furnell. Biodiversidad y gobernanza minera: Senegal y Turquía. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2022. https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-04/igf-case-study-biodiversity-mining-senegal-turkey-es.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Crawford |first1=Alec |last2=Furnell |first2=Simon |title=Biodiversidad y gobernanza minera: Senegal y Turquía |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=2022 |url=https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-04/igf-case-study-biodiversity-mining-senegal-turkey-es.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{crawford2022biodiversidad, author = {Crawford, Alec and Furnell, Simon}, title = {{Biodiversidad y gobernanza minera: Senegal y Turquía}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2022}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-04/igf-case-study-biodiversity-mining-senegal-turkey-es.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }