Les négociations de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce sur l'agriculture à la CM13

The briefing examines the tensions between WTO members over agricultural subsidies, public stocks, and export restrictions. It argues that for MC13 to be successful, the WTO must move beyond non-binding declarations toward binding commitments, specifically proposing an export restriction exemption for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) to ensure food availability during crises.

• WTO members generally agree that food security outcomes at MC13 should benefit Least Developed Countries (LDCs), who are disproportionately affected by export restrictions. Between 2020 and 2022, 265 million people in LDCs experienced food insecurity.
• A proposed exemption for LDCs from export prohibitions or restrictions would allow them to import food for domestic consumption even when producing members have restricted exports to others. This would protect LDCs from global price spikes, as they could theoretically import at lower domestic prices from the producing country.
• While an export exemption improves food availability, it does not address the lack of purchasing power among the poorest consumers in LDCs. To resolve this access issue, the document suggests supporting mechanisms like the FAO's Global Food Import Financing Facility.
• There is a fundamental disagreement on how to treat public stocks. Developing countries like India and China, and the African Group, view public stocks as a standalone issue. Conversely, the Cairns Group, the US, and the EU argue that administered-price public stocks should be treated as trade-distorting domestic support subject to caps and reductions.
• Developing countries, including India and China, seek to eliminate the aggregate measure of support rights that allow 32 WTO members to provide significant trade-distorting subsidies. Additionally, the C-4 group of cotton producers and the African Group target 'green box' subsidies that they claim distort global trade and lower prices for developing producers.
• Some developing countries want to update the market price support calculation method, arguing the current reference price from 1986-1988 is outdated. However, other members fear this update would make it easier for countries to grant larger amounts of trade-distorting support.
• Non-binding declarations, such as those from MC12, have proven ineffective; despite reaffirming the importance of not imposing export restrictions, 75 such restrictions on food, animal feed, and fertilizers were in place by October 2023, with the pace of implementation accelerating since 2020.

APA

Calvo, F. (n.d.). Les négociations de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce sur l'agriculture à la CM13. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/fr/node/17941

Chicago

Calvo, Facundo. Les négociations de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce sur l'agriculture à la CM13. International Institute for Sustainable Development, n.d. https://www.iisd.org/fr/node/17941.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Calvo |first1=Facundo |title=Les négociations de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce sur l'agriculture à la CM13 |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |url=https://www.iisd.org/fr/node/17941 |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{calvondles, author = {Calvo, Facundo}, title = {{Les négociations de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce sur l'agriculture à la CM13}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/fr/node/17941}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }