Conversaciones sobre Comercio y Clima a Nivel Internacional: de la Organización Mundial del Comercio a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes the shift in international trade and climate discussions from abstract principles to practical application. It focuses on the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in managing Climate-related Trade Measures (CTMs), specifically carbon border adjustment mechanisms and deforestation regulations, ahead of the WTO's 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14).

• The landscape of climate-related trade measures shifted from political debate to concrete implementation between 2025 and early 2026. The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) entered its final phase in January 2026, with a proposed expansion to include 180 additional high-steel and aluminum products, such as appliances and machinery.
• Several other jurisdictions are pursuing carbon border adjustments or related policies. The United Kingdom's CBAM is scheduled to take effect on January 1, 2027, while Canada, Australia, and Chinese Taipei are actively exploring similar tools. Brazil and Turkey are referencing carbon leakage risks in their legislation while developing emissions trading systems.
• The European Council formally approved a revision of the EU Deforestation Regulation in December 2025. Most operators must comply by December 30, 2026, with an extension until June 30, 2027, for small operators and micro-enterprises.
• Within the WTO, discussions in 2025 involved 67 members and eight groups, totaling 251 oral and written interventions. Three recurring themes emerged: equity and development concerns (highlighted by the African Group and LDC Group), fragmentation and compliance costs (emphasized by China and Japan), and the WTO's role as a technical and transparency forum.
• The WTO's Committee on Trade and Environment (CTE) has focused on three pillars for climate-related trade measures: transparency, interoperability, and the development dimension. A joint proposal led by Japan and South Korea supports technical cooperation and non-binding guidelines, with a potential pilot exercise planned for June 2026.
• At COP30 in Belém, Brazil, the UNFCCC introduced trade into its multilateral conversations for the first time. This includes three technical dialogues to be held during subsidiary body meetings from 2026 to 2028, culminating in a 2028 high-level event report. Additionally, the Brazilian Presidency launched the Integrated Forum on Climate Change and Trade (IFCCT), a non-binding and non-negotiable initiative running until the end of 2028.

APA

Baršauskaitė, I., & Bonnet, A. (n.d.). Conversaciones sobre Comercio y Clima a Nivel Internacional: de la Organización Mundial del Comercio a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/international-conversations-trade-climate

Chicago

Baršauskaitė, Ieva, and Antoine Bonnet. Conversaciones sobre Comercio y Clima a Nivel Internacional: de la Organización Mundial del Comercio a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático. International Institute for Sustainable Development, n.d. https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/international-conversations-trade-climate.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Baršauskaitė |first1=Ieva |last2=Bonnet |first2=Antoine |title=Conversaciones sobre Comercio y Clima a Nivel Internacional: de la Organización Mundial del Comercio a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |url=https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/international-conversations-trade-climate |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{barauskaitndconversaciones, author = {Baršauskaitė, Ieva and Bonnet, Antoine}, title = {{Conversaciones sobre Comercio y Clima a Nivel Internacional: de la Organización Mundial del Comercio a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/international-conversations-trade-climate}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }