Conversaciones sobre Comercio y Clima a Nivel Internacional: de la Organización Mundial del Comercio a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático

The document analyzes the shift toward concrete Climate-related Trade Measures (CTMs), such as carbon border adjustment mechanisms and deforestation regulations, and how these are being addressed within the WTO and UNFCCC. It highlights key concerns regarding transparency, interoperability, and the impact on developing nations, while positioning the WTO's MC14 as a critical moment for consolidating these discussions.

• Climate-related trade measures have shifted from theoretical political debates to concrete implementation between 2025 and early 2026. This includes the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) entering its final phase in January 2026, with a proposed expansion to include 180 additional high-carbon steel and aluminum products such as appliances and machinery.
• Several other jurisdictions are pursuing similar carbon border adjustments or addressing carbon leakage. The United Kingdom's CBAM is scheduled for January 1, 2027, while Canada, Australia, and Chinese Taipei are exploring similar instruments. Brazil and Turkey are referencing carbon leakage risks in their legislation as they develop emissions trading systems.
• The European Union's Deforestation Regulation was formally revised by the European Council in December 2025. Compliance is required for all operators by December 30, 2026, with an extension to June 30, 2027, for small operators and micro-enterprises.
• Within the WTO, debates on climate trade measures have focused on three recurring themes: equity and development (emphasized by the African Group and LDC Group), fragmentation and compliance costs (highlighted by China and Japan), and the WTO's role as a technical and transparency forum. A joint proposal led by Japan and South Korea supports non-binding guidelines and technical cooperation.
• The WTO's Committee on Trade and Environment (CTE) has shifted toward a multilateral format under Ambassador Erwin Bollinger, focusing on transparency, interoperability, and the development dimension. Additionally, the Trade and Environmental Sustainability Structured Discussions (TESSD) have created an inventory of climate-related trade policies to improve mutual understanding.
• At COP30 in Belém, Brazil, trade was introduced into UNFCCC multilateral conversations for the first time. This resulted in the establishment of three technical dialogues to run from 2026 to 2028, culminating in a 2028 high-level report. Brazil also launched the Integrated Forum on Climate Change and Trade (IFCCT), a non-binding and non-negotiable initiative running until the end of 2028.

APA

Baršauskaitė, I., & Bonnet, A. (n.d.). Conversaciones sobre Comercio y Clima a Nivel Internacional: de la Organización Mundial del Comercio a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/international-conversations-trade-climate

Chicago

Baršauskaitė, Ieva, and Antoine Bonnet. Conversaciones sobre Comercio y Clima a Nivel Internacional: de la Organización Mundial del Comercio a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático. International Institute for Sustainable Development, n.d. https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/international-conversations-trade-climate.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Baršauskaitė |first1=Ieva |last2=Bonnet |first2=Antoine |title=Conversaciones sobre Comercio y Clima a Nivel Internacional: de la Organización Mundial del Comercio a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |url=https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/international-conversations-trade-climate |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{barauskaitndconversaciones, author = {Baršauskaitė, Ieva and Bonnet, Antoine}, title = {{Conversaciones sobre Comercio y Clima a Nivel Internacional: de la Organización Mundial del Comercio a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, url = {https://www.iisd.org/es/articles/policy-analysis/international-conversations-trade-climate}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }