МОНГОЛ УЛС НОГООН ЭДИЙН ЗАСГИЙН БАРОМЕТР 2018

The 2018 Green Economy Barometer for Mongolia, produced by the Economic Policy Research and Competitiveness Center (ECRC) and the Green Economy Coalition, evaluates Mongolia's transition toward a sustainable economy. It highlights the risks of commodity price volatility and the potential for green investments to reduce poverty and unemployment by 2030. While the government has established policy frameworks and international commitments, the report notes a significant gap between legislation and implementation, ranking Mongolia 79th out of 80 countries in the 2016 Global Green Economy Index.

• Economic modeling using the T21 model suggests that investing 4% of GDP annually into green development until 2030 could lead to stable economic growth, a reduction in unemployment by 2% by 2030, and a decrease in poverty levels from 21.6% in 2014 to 10% by 2030. Additionally, it is projected that real GDP per capita would increase from 2.1 million tugriks in 2014 to 3.1 million tugriks by 2030, and greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP would decrease by 17.2%.
• Mongolia faces severe environmental challenges, including air pollution in Ulaanbaatar where PM2.5 levels average 75, significantly exceeding WHO standards. Land degradation is also widespread, with 77.8% of the country's territory affected by desertification, and high-risk areas for soil degradation increased by 2-3% since 2006 to reach 10%.
• Despite policy efforts, Mongolia's performance in global green indices is poor. In 2016, it ranked 79th out of 80 countries in the Global Green Economy Index (GGEI). The report identifies a major gap between official commitments and actual implementation, though it notes that 'Leadership and Climate Change' was rated as 'Good'.
• The transition to a green economy requires substantial funding. The Mongolian Bankers Association estimates that 7 billion USD is needed to fully fund national projects in energy efficiency, renewable energy, construction, waste, and transport, with an additional 4.3 billion USD required to combat air and soil pollution.
• As of the second quarter of 2016, green jobs accounted for 9.9% of total employment in Mongolia, totaling 112,300 positions. These jobs are distributed across sectors, with 30.3% in education, 15.9% in industry, 9.4% in mining, and 6.2% in management.
• Mongolia has adopted several national frameworks, including the Green Development Policy in June 2014 and the Sustainable Development Vision 2030 in February 2016. Implementation results include tax exemptions for 41 types of solar and wind equipment and the protection of 1,645 hectares of forest from deforestation through import tax incentives.

APA

Green Economy Coalition (2018). МОНГОЛ УЛС НОГООН ЭДИЙН ЗАСГИЙН БАРОМЕТР 2018. https://www.greeneconomycoalition.org/assets/reports/Barometers-2018/Mongolia-Barometer-2018-MNG-Web-FINAL.pdf

Chicago

Green Economy Coalition. МОНГОЛ УЛС НОГООН ЭДИЙН ЗАСГИЙН БАРОМЕТР 2018. 2018. https://www.greeneconomycoalition.org/assets/reports/Barometers-2018/Mongolia-Barometer-2018-MNG-Web-FINAL.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Green Economy Coalition |title=МОНГОЛ УЛС НОГООН ЭДИЙН ЗАСГИЙН БАРОМЕТР 2018 |date=May 2018 |url=https://www.greeneconomycoalition.org/assets/reports/Barometers-2018/Mongolia-Barometer-2018-MNG-Web-FINAL.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{greeneconomycoalition20182018, author = {{Green Economy Coalition}}, title = {{МОНГОЛ УЛС НОГООН ЭДИЙН ЗАСГИЙН БАРОМЕТР 2018}}, institution = {Green Economy Coalition}, year = {2018}, month = may, url = {https://www.greeneconomycoalition.org/assets/reports/Barometers-2018/Mongolia-Barometer-2018-MNG-Web-FINAL.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }