Menurunnya Penebangan Hutan di Amazon Brasil: Harga atau Kebijakan?

The analysis concludes that conservation policies implemented in 2004 and 2008 were effective in curbing deforestation in the Brazilian Legal Amazon, accounting for approximately half of the avoided deforestation between 2005 and 2009. While agricultural crop prices showed a positive causal effect on deforestation, the impact of livestock prices was heterogeneous. The policies prevented the loss of 62,000 km² of forest, equivalent to 620 million tons of carbon storage, with an estimated value of 11.5 billion USD (though one section mentions 3.1 billion USD). Key policy interventions included the PPCDAm, real-time satellite monitoring (DETER), the creation of protected areas, and conditional credit requirements for agricultural activities.

• Conservation policies introduced in 2004 and 2008 were responsible for approximately half of the avoided deforestation in the Amazon from 2005 to 2009, preventing the loss of 62,000 km² of forest.
• The avoided deforestation is estimated to represent 620 million tons of carbon storage (2.3 billion tons of CO2), with a calculated value of 11.5 billion USD (noted as 3.1 billion USD in a later section).
• Agricultural crop prices have a positive and significant causal effect on deforestation, where price increases in a given year correlate with higher deforestation in that year and the following year, particularly before the sowing season.
• The effect of livestock prices on deforestation is heterogeneous: while price increases can lead to future deforestation by encouraging herd expansion, they can also reduce immediate pressure on forests if producers increase supply to realize current profits.
• The 2004 policy turning point was marked by the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm), which integrated federal, state, and municipal efforts and introduced real-time monitoring via the DETER system and the CEMAM center.
• The 2008 policy turning point focused on targeting high-deforestation municipalities, revising environmental violation sanctions, and implementing conditional credit for agricultural activities requiring proof of environmental compliance.

APA

Assunção, J., Gandour, C. C. E., & Rocha, R. (2012). Menurunnya Penebangan Hutan di Amazon Brasil: Harga atau Kebijakan? Climate Policy Initiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Penebangan-hutan-di-Amazon-Harga-atau-Kebijakan-Ringkasan-Eksekutif-Bahasa.pdf

Chicago

Assunção, Juliano, Clarissa C. e Gandour, and Rudi Rocha. Menurunnya Penebangan Hutan di Amazon Brasil: Harga atau Kebijakan? Climate Policy Initiative, 2012. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Penebangan-hutan-di-Amazon-Harga-atau-Kebijakan-Ringkasan-Eksekutif-Bahasa.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Assunção |first1=Juliano |last2=Gandour |first2=Clarissa C. e |last3=Rocha |first3=Rudi |title=Menurunnya Penebangan Hutan di Amazon Brasil: Harga atau Kebijakan? |publisher=Climate Policy Initiative |date=January 2012 |url=https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Penebangan-hutan-di-Amazon-Harga-atau-Kebijakan-Ringkasan-Eksekutif-Bahasa.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{assuno2012menurunnya, author = {Assunção, Juliano and Gandour, Clarissa C. e and Rocha, Rudi}, title = {{Menurunnya Penebangan Hutan di Amazon Brasil: Harga atau Kebijakan?}}, institution = {Climate Policy Initiative}, year = {2012}, month = jan, url = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Penebangan-hutan-di-Amazon-Harga-atau-Kebijakan-Ringkasan-Eksekutif-Bahasa.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }