Operationalizing JETP Just Transition Standard 9 in Maluku Case Studies from Air Buaya and Pasir Putih

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the operationalization of Standard 9 (Economic Diversification and Transformation) of the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) Just Transition Framework in two remote communities in Maluku, Indonesia: Air Buaya and Pasir Putih. The study focuses on transitioning these areas from diesel-based power to renewable energy while ensuring economic resilience, workforce protection, and the expansion of productive energy uses, particularly in the tuna fishery sector.

• Indonesia's De-Dieselization Program aims to replace approximately 5,200 diesel power plants, totaling 2.37 GW of capacity, with renewable energy technologies to improve energy security and reduce emissions. Maluku and North Maluku are priority regions, with Phase 1 targeting roughly 66 MW of diesel plants.
• In Air Buaya, the transition to renewable energy poses a displacement risk for 18 workers at the local diesel power plant, 17 of whom are contract-based. To mitigate this, the report proposes a 'Self-Sustaining Workforce Transition Model' featuring an Integrated Knowledge Platform administered by PT PLN and aligned with BNSP national certification standards.
• Pasir Putih's tuna fishery sector is severely limited by unreliable energy and inadequate cold-chain infrastructure. Current ice-making capacity is 2 tons per day against a requirement of 9 tons, resulting in estimated daily revenue losses of approximately IDR 282 million (±USD 17,000).
• The report proposes a three-phase resource mobilization plan for Pasir Putih to transition the fisheries economy from donor dependence to market sustainability: Phase 1 (2025-2026) uses catalytic grants; Phase 2 (2027-2028) introduces high de-risking instruments like first-loss guarantees; and Phase 3 (2029) utilizes moderate de-risking such as interest subsidies.
• Energy reliability gaps persist in both locations despite grid connectivity. In Pasir Putih, service is intermittent, averaging fewer than 12 hours per day, and 96% of households are limited to 900 VA connections. In Air Buaya, while service is nominally 24/7, outages occur 2–3 times per week, lasting 3 to 5 hours per day.
• Gender and age disparities are evident in the local economies. In Pasir Putih, the fishing sector is 90% male, while women's contributions in fish processing and micro-enterprises remain informal and under-recognized. Both villages experience generational out-migration of youth seeking better education and employment.

APA

Gembira, H., & Larasati, L. (2025). Operationalizing JETP Just Transition Standard 9 in Maluku Case Studies from Air Buaya and Pasir Putih. Climate Policy Initiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Operationalizing-JETP-Just-Transition-Standard-9-in-Maluku-2.pdf

Chicago

Gembira, Harry, and Luthfyana Larasati. Operationalizing JETP Just Transition Standard 9 in Maluku Case Studies from Air Buaya and Pasir Putih. Climate Policy Initiative, 2025. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Operationalizing-JETP-Just-Transition-Standard-9-in-Maluku-2.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Gembira |first1=Harry |last2=Larasati |first2=Luthfyana |title=Operationalizing JETP Just Transition Standard 9 in Maluku Case Studies from Air Buaya and Pasir Putih |publisher=Climate Policy Initiative |date=December 2025 |url=https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Operationalizing-JETP-Just-Transition-Standard-9-in-Maluku-2.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{gembira2025operationalizing, author = {Gembira, Harry and Larasati, Luthfyana}, title = {{Operationalizing JETP Just Transition Standard 9 in Maluku Case Studies from Air Buaya and Pasir Putih}}, institution = {Climate Policy Initiative}, year = {2025}, month = dec, url = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Operationalizing-JETP-Just-Transition-Standard-9-in-Maluku-2.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }