Estimativas sobre áreas desmatadas ilegalmente e ‘anistiadas’ pelo novo Código Florestal podem ser menores do que indicam estudos

This technical note by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and the NAPC/PUC-Rio argues that estimates of land 'amnesty' granted by the new Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12,651/2012) may be lower than previously reported by Imaflora, as some rules were already present in the previous legislation.

• A study by Imaflora estimated that the new Forest Code (Law No. 12,651/2012) 'amnestied' 41 million hectares of Legal Reserve and Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), consisting of 36.5 million hectares of Legal Reserve and 4.5 million hectares of APP.
• Researchers from the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and the NAPC/PUC-Rio found that the total 'amnesty' is likely lower than 41 million hectares because certain provisions in the new code repeat rules from the previous Forest Code (Law No. 4,771/65). Specifically, Article 13 (reducing Legal Reserve percentages in the Legal Amazon) has existed since 1997, and Article 15 (counting APP in Legal Reserve calculations) was partially provided for since 1999.
• Based on Imaflora's data but accounting for existing rules, the CPI estimates the new Forest Code 'amnestied' a maximum of 29 million hectares. Small producers are the primary beneficiaries, as nearly 70% of this liability favors properties smaller than 4 fiscal modules under Article 67.

APA

Chiavari, J., & Lopes, C. L. (2017). Estimativas sobre áreas desmatadas ilegalmente e ‘anistiadas’ pelo novo Código Florestal podem ser menores do que indicam estudos. Climate Policy Initiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Nota-Técnica_Estimativas-sobre-áreas-desmatadas-ilegalmente-e-anistiadas-pelo-novo-Código-Florestal-podem-ser-menores-do-que-indicam-estudos.pdf

Chicago

Chiavari, Joana, and Cristina Leme Lopes. Estimativas sobre áreas desmatadas ilegalmente e ‘anistiadas’ pelo novo Código Florestal podem ser menores do que indicam estudos. Climate Policy Initiative, 2017. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Nota-Técnica_Estimativas-sobre-áreas-desmatadas-ilegalmente-e-anistiadas-pelo-novo-Código-Florestal-podem-ser-menores-do-que-indicam-estudos.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Chiavari |first1=Joana |last2=Lopes |first2=Cristina Leme |title=Estimativas sobre áreas desmatadas ilegalmente e ‘anistiadas’ pelo novo Código Florestal podem ser menores do que indicam estudos |publisher=Climate Policy Initiative |date=15 September 2017 |url=https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Nota-Técnica_Estimativas-sobre-áreas-desmatadas-ilegalmente-e-anistiadas-pelo-novo-Código-Florestal-podem-ser-menores-do-que-indicam-estudos.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{chiavari2017estimativas, author = {Chiavari, Joana and Lopes, Cristina Leme}, title = {{Estimativas sobre áreas desmatadas ilegalmente e ‘anistiadas’ pelo novo Código Florestal podem ser menores do que indicam estudos}}, institution = {Climate Policy Initiative}, year = {2017}, month = sep, url = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Nota-Técnica_Estimativas-sobre-áreas-desmatadas-ilegalmente-e-anistiadas-pelo-novo-Código-Florestal-podem-ser-menores-do-que-indicam-estudos.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }