Governança das Concessões Florestais na Amazônia

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes the implementation of forest concessions in the Brazilian Amazon, with a specific focus on the state of Pará. It identifies governance failures—including the annulment of bidding processes, failure to grant areas, and contract terminations—as significant barriers to the success of the Public Forest Management Law (LGFP). The document recommends improving the technical capacity of managing agencies and removing legal restrictions on the number and size of areas a single company can manage to allow for greater scale and efficiency.

• Federal forest concessions in the Amazon have significantly underperformed compared to initial government expectations. While the federal government estimated 4 million hectares of conceded forests by 2010, current concessions are limited to approximately 1.3 million hectares, involving 22 projects across 11 companies.
• State-level forest concessions in the Amazon have progressed even more slowly than federal ones. Out of 76 million hectares of state public forests in the region, only 551,000 hectares are under exploitation, located exclusively in the states of Pará (approximately 483,000 hectares) and Amapá (68,000 hectares).
• In Pará, governance weaknesses have led to a high rate of failure in granting forest concessions. Between 2011 and 2021, half of the bidding processes (4 out of 8) were annulled. When considering long-term success—defined as current active contracts versus vacant areas due to non-concession or termination—the success rate for attempts to grant Management Units (UMFs) was only 53%.
• The annulment of bidding processes in Pará is primarily attributed to basic errors in the drafting of public notices (editais) by the managing body, Ideflor-Bio. These errors include failing to require legally mandated documents, requiring unnecessary documents, failing to establish criteria for evaluating the feasibility of proposals, and providing inaccurate information regarding the area's current exploitation or existing timber species.
• Several factors contribute to the failure to grant certain forest areas in Pará, including candidates failing to meet minimum requirements, procedural delays that exceed proposal validity periods, and legal restrictions. Specifically, the LGFP limits a company to a maximum of two concessions in a single bidding process and prohibits any company from managing more than 10% of the available state public forests.
• Contract terminations in Pará's state concessions have occurred due to total non-compliance by concessionaires. Reasons for unilateral termination by Ideflor-Bio include failure to maintain qualification conditions, non-compliance with forest management and environmental norms, failure to adhere to labor laws, and failure to pay the minimum annual fee to the state.
• The document recommends two primary policy improvements to enhance forest concession governance: investing in the training of Ideflor-Bio staff to improve the accuracy of sample inventories and demographic surveys, and eliminating legal restrictions on the number and total area a single company can manage to allow qualified firms to achieve scale.

APA

Cozendey, G., & Chiavari, J. (2023). Governança das Concessões Florestais na Amazônia. Climate Policy Initiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Governanca-das-Concessoes-Florestais-na-Amazonia.pdf

Chicago

Cozendey, Gabriel, and Joana Chiavari. Governança das Concessões Florestais na Amazônia. Climate Policy Initiative, 2023. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Governanca-das-Concessoes-Florestais-na-Amazonia.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Cozendey |first1=Gabriel |last2=Chiavari |first2=Joana |title=Governança das Concessões Florestais na Amazônia |publisher=Climate Policy Initiative |date=November 2023 |url=https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Governanca-das-Concessoes-Florestais-na-Amazonia.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{cozendey2023governana, author = {Cozendey, Gabriel and Chiavari, Joana}, title = {{Governança das Concessões Florestais na Amazônia}}, institution = {Climate Policy Initiative}, year = {2023}, month = nov, url = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Governanca-das-Concessoes-Florestais-na-Amazonia.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }