Apakah kredit mempengaruhi deforestasi? Bukti dari Kebijakan Kredit Pedesaan di Amazon, Brazil

The study finds that Resolution 3.545, which conditioned rural credit on environmental compliance, significantly reduced deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon Biome. By restricting access to subsidized credit, the policy prevented the clearing of over 2,700 km2 of forest between 2009 and 2011, primarily affecting livestock-oriented regions where producers are more credit-constrained.

• Resolution 3.545 led to a significant decrease in rural credit concessions in the Amazon Biome, with an estimated BRL 2.9 billion (USD 1.4 billion) in credit not contracted between 2008 and 2011. The majority of this reduction, approximately BRL 2.6 billion (USD 1.3 billion), was related to livestock contracts.
• The reduction in rural credit caused by the resolution prevented the deforestation of more than 2,700 km2 of forest from 2009 to 2011, representing a 15% decrease in deforestation during that period.
• The impact of the credit restriction on deforestation was primarily significant in municipalities where livestock farming is the main economic activity, suggesting that livestock producers are more credit-constrained than crop producers.
• In municipalities dominated by crop production, the reduction in credit did not lead to a decrease in deforestation, possibly because these producers are less credit-constrained or use credit for production intensification rather than expansion.
• The policy had a distributional effect on credit contracts: for livestock, there was a decrease in medium and large contracts and a slight increase in small contracts; for crops, there was a decrease in medium-scale contracts.
• Borrowers anticipated the 2008 credit restrictions by seeking loans before the resolution became mandatory, resulting in unusual credit peaks in April and June 2008.

APA

Assunção, J., Gandour, C., & Rocha, R. (2013). Apakah kredit mempengaruhi deforestasi? Bukti dari Kebijakan Kredit Pedesaan di Amazon, Brazil. Climate Policy Initiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Does-Credit-Affect-Deforestation-Executive-Summary-Bahasa.pdf

Chicago

Assunção, Juliano, Clarissa Gandour, and Romero Rocha. Apakah kredit mempengaruhi deforestasi? Bukti dari Kebijakan Kredit Pedesaan di Amazon, Brazil. Climate Policy Initiative, 2013. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Does-Credit-Affect-Deforestation-Executive-Summary-Bahasa.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Assunção |first1=Juliano |last2=Gandour |first2=Clarissa |last3=Rocha |first3=Romero |title=Apakah kredit mempengaruhi deforestasi? Bukti dari Kebijakan Kredit Pedesaan di Amazon, Brazil |publisher=Climate Policy Initiative |date=January 2013 |url=https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Does-Credit-Affect-Deforestation-Executive-Summary-Bahasa.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{assuno2013apakah, author = {Assunção, Juliano and Gandour, Clarissa and Rocha, Romero}, title = {{Apakah kredit mempengaruhi deforestasi? Bukti dari Kebijakan Kredit Pedesaan di Amazon, Brazil}}, institution = {Climate Policy Initiative}, year = {2013}, month = jan, url = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Does-Credit-Affect-Deforestation-Executive-Summary-Bahasa.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }