Apakah kredit mempengaruhi deforestasi? Bukti dari Kebijakan Kredit Pedesaan di Amazon, Brazil

An evaluation of Brazil's Resolution 3.545 shows that conditioning rural credit on environmental compliance reduced credit concessions by BRL 2.9 billion (USD 1.4 billion) between 2008 and 2011, preventing over 2,700 km2 of deforestation (a 15% reduction). The impact was most pronounced among livestock producers, who are more dependent on subsidized credit for land expansion, whereas food crop producers were less affected.

• Central Bank of Brazil Resolution 3.545, introduced in mid-2008, mandated that borrowers seeking rural credit in the Brazilian Amazon Biome provide evidence of compliance with environmental regulations, land claim legitimacy, and the regularity of their rural enterprises.
• The implementation of Resolution 3.545 led to a significant reduction in rural credit concessions in the Amazon Biome. Between 2008 and 2011, it is estimated that approximately BRL 2.9 billion (USD 1.4 billion) in rural credit went uncontracted due to these restrictions, with BRL 2.6 billion (USD 1.3 billion) of that amount specifically related to livestock contracts.
• The reduction in rural credit caused by Resolution 3.545 contributed to a decrease in deforestation in the Amazon Biome. Counterfactual simulations indicate that without these credit restrictions, more than 2,700 km2 of forest would have been cleared between 2009 and 2011, representing a 15% reduction in deforestation during that period.
• The impact of the credit policy on deforestation varied by economic activity: it was significant in cities where livestock farming was the primary economic activity, but it did not affect deforestation in cities dominated by food crop production.
• Resolution 3.545 altered the distribution of credit contracts. For livestock, there was a decrease in medium and large-scale contracts and a slight increase in small-scale contracts. For food crops, only a decrease in medium-scale contracts was documented.
• The study concludes that livestock farmers in the Amazon are more dependent on subsidized rural credit to maintain deforestation activities, whereas food crop farmers are less dependent or use subsidies for production intensification rather than expanding into forest areas.
• The findings suggest that policies increasing financial resources for farmers in the Amazon, such as payments for environmental services, must account for existing financial constraints to avoid the potential side effect of increasing deforestation rates.

APA

Assunção, J., Gandour, C., & Rocha, R. (2013). Apakah kredit mempengaruhi deforestasi? Bukti dari Kebijakan Kredit Pedesaan di Amazon, Brazil. Climate Policy Initiative. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Does-Credit-Affect-Deforestation-Executive-Summary-Bahasa.pdf

Chicago

Assunção, Juliano, Clarissa Gandour, and Romero Rocha. Apakah kredit mempengaruhi deforestasi? Bukti dari Kebijakan Kredit Pedesaan di Amazon, Brazil. Climate Policy Initiative, 2013. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Does-Credit-Affect-Deforestation-Executive-Summary-Bahasa.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Assunção |first1=Juliano |last2=Gandour |first2=Clarissa |last3=Rocha |first3=Romero |title=Apakah kredit mempengaruhi deforestasi? Bukti dari Kebijakan Kredit Pedesaan di Amazon, Brazil |publisher=Climate Policy Initiative |date=January 2013 |url=https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Does-Credit-Affect-Deforestation-Executive-Summary-Bahasa.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{assuno2013apakah, author = {Assunção, Juliano and Gandour, Clarissa and Rocha, Romero}, title = {{Apakah kredit mempengaruhi deforestasi? Bukti dari Kebijakan Kredit Pedesaan di Amazon, Brazil}}, institution = {Climate Policy Initiative}, year = {2013}, month = jan, url = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Does-Credit-Affect-Deforestation-Executive-Summary-Bahasa.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }