Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2019

The 2019 Global Landscape of Climate Finance report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes global climate-related primary investment from 2013 to 2018. It finds that while annual climate finance reached record levels, crossing the USD half-trillion mark in 2017 and 2018, current investment levels remain significantly below what is required to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement and a 1.5 ˚C scenario.

• Annual tracked climate finance reached a record high of USD 612 billion in 2017, though it experienced an 11% decrease to USD 546 billion in 2018. Over the 2017/2018 period, annual flows averaged USD 579 billion, which is a 25% increase (USD 116 billion) compared to the 2015/2016 average.
• Current climate finance is insufficient for the low-carbon transition. Supply-side energy system investments alone are estimated to require between USD 1.6 trillion and USD 3.8 trillion annually from 2016 to 2050, while adaptation costs are estimated at USD 180 billion annually between 2020 and 2030.
• Private finance constitutes the majority of climate finance, averaging USD 326 billion annually in 2017/2018 (approximately 56% of the total). This funding is heavily concentrated, with 85% flowing to renewable energy and 14% to low-carbon transport.
• Public climate finance averaged USD 253 billion annually in 2017/2018, representing 44% of total commitments. Transport was the largest beneficiary of public funds, receiving USD 94 billion (37% of the public total), surpassing renewable energy.
• The vast majority of climate finance is directed toward mitigation, which accounted for 93% of total flows (USD 537 billion annually) in 2017/2018. Adaptation finance represented 5% of flows, averaging USD 30 billion annually.
• Renewable energy is the primary destination for global climate finance, representing 58% of the total at USD 337 billion annually. Low-carbon transport is also growing rapidly, with average annual finance rising 54% from 2015/2016 levels to USD 141 billion in 2017/2018.
• Geographically, East Asia & Pacific is both the largest provider and destination for climate finance, with flows rising to an annual average of USD 238 billion in 2017/2018. Finance for non-OECD countries increased to USD 356 billion, representing 61% of global flows.
• Market-rate debt is the most common financial instrument, averaging USD 316 billion annually in 2017/2018. Total debt (including low-cost project debt) averaged USD 380 billion annually, or 66% of all tracked finance.

APA

Climate Policy Initiative (2019). Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2019. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/global-landscape-of-climate-finance-2019/

Chicago

Climate Policy Initiative. Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2019. 2019. https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/global-landscape-of-climate-finance-2019/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Climate Policy Initiative |title=Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2019 |date=7 November 2019 |url=https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/global-landscape-of-climate-finance-2019/ |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{climatepolicyinitiative2019global, author = {{Climate Policy Initiative}}, title = {{Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2019}}, institution = {Climate Policy Initiative}, year = {2019}, month = nov, url = {https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/global-landscape-of-climate-finance-2019/}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }