OVERVIEW OF COMPETITIVENESS ISSUES IN POLAND

The report assesses the impact of carbon pricing on Poland's industrial competitiveness, noting that while Poland has benefited from a favorable 1990 emissions baseline and the EU ETS, certain carbon-intensive sectors remain at risk. Due to significant data constraints, the authors identify six specific sectors for further detailed analysis to prevent carbon leakage and economic loss.

• Poland's economy is the third most carbon intensive in Europe, although its total emissions have decreased by 15% since 1990 due to economic restructuring and the decline of inefficient industries.
• The report identifies six manufacturing sectors in Poland that require further detailed analysis due to their risk of competitiveness loss under carbon pricing: iron and steel, nitrogen fertilisers, cement and lime, basic inorganic chemicals, pulp and paper, and aluminium.
• Poland has experienced a relatively favorable start to the EU ETS, maintaining a surplus of emissions allowances between 2005 and 2007 and selling Assigned Amount Units (AAUs) to Spain for €25 million in November 2009.
• Significant data constraints, including inconsistent sector definitions and incomplete gross value added (GVA) data, prevented the replication of detailed competitiveness histograms used in other regional studies.
• Poland's energy mix was heavily dependent on coal, accounting for approximately 92% in 2004, which contributes to its energy independence as a net exporter of coal.
• There is a risk of carbon leakage, where industry relocates to countries with less stringent carbon pricing, potentially negating the global environmental benefits of domestic climate policies.

APA

Climate Strategies (2010). OVERVIEW OF COMPETITIVENESS ISSUES IN POLAND. https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/poland-issues-and-options-final.pdf

Chicago

Climate Strategies. OVERVIEW OF COMPETITIVENESS ISSUES IN POLAND. 2010. https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/poland-issues-and-options-final.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Climate Strategies |title=OVERVIEW OF COMPETITIVENESS ISSUES IN POLAND |date=January 2010 |url=https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/poland-issues-and-options-final.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{climatestrategies2010overview, author = {{Climate Strategies}}, title = {{OVERVIEW OF COMPETITIVENESS ISSUES IN POLAND}}, institution = {Climate Strategies}, year = {2010}, month = jan, url = {https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/poland-issues-and-options-final.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }