OPTIONS FOR GIS BIOENERGY PROJECTS UNDER A GIS IN BULGARIA

The paper explores using revenues from the sale of Bulgaria's surplus Assigned Amount Units (AAUs) to fund a Green Investment Scheme (GIS). It focuses on bioenergy, arguing that Bulgaria's underutilized biomass resources could support large-scale fuel switching from electricity and oil to wood-based heating. The authors propose a 'programmatic approach' to overcome the high transaction costs that hindered similar projects under Joint Implementation (JI). Financial assessments suggest mitigation costs for municipal building fuel switches could be as low as 12.7 Euro per tonne of CO2 reduced, while household switches would cost between 24.9 and 30.2 Euro per tonne.

• Bulgaria has a significant surplus of Assigned Amount Units (AAUs) due to emissions declines in the 1990s and could potentially sell up to 130 million AAUs through a GIS.
• The country possesses substantial underutilized woody biomass resources, with an annual increase in forest biomass of approximately 8.2 million m³ per year because actual harvesting has been significantly lower than planned.
• A fuel switch programme for households moving from electricity to wood or pellet heating could reduce emissions by approximately 15 tonnes of CO2 per household per year.
• A proposed programme to replace liquid fuel boilers with biomass boilers in 435 municipal buildings would result in annual emission reductions of about 33,136 tonnes of CO2.
• For households, the mitigation cost is estimated at 24.9 Euro per tonne of CO2 reduced without a fuel supply chain, rising to 30.2 Euro per tonne when the supply chain is integrated.
• A 'programmatic approach' is recommended for GIS implementation to bundle numerous small, geographically dispersed entities, as traditional JI and CDM mechanisms failed to address such projects due to high transaction costs.
• A GIS is considered more flexible than Joint Implementation (JI) because it does not require a strict additionality criterion and allows for 'soft greening' activities, such as awareness raising, which do not produce quantifiable emission reductions.

APA

Tuerk, A., & Frieden, D. (2008). OPTIONS FOR GIS BIOENERGY PROJECTS UNDER A GIS IN BULGARIA. Climate Strategies. https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/cs-bulgariagisbiomass-final-101208.pdf

Chicago

Tuerk, Andreas, and Dorian Frieden. OPTIONS FOR GIS BIOENERGY PROJECTS UNDER A GIS IN BULGARIA. Climate Strategies, 2008. https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/cs-bulgariagisbiomass-final-101208.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Tuerk |first1=Andreas |last2=Frieden |first2=Dorian |title=OPTIONS FOR GIS BIOENERGY PROJECTS UNDER A GIS IN BULGARIA |publisher=Climate Strategies |date=December 2008 |url=https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/cs-bulgariagisbiomass-final-101208.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{tuerk2008options, author = {Tuerk, Andreas and Frieden, Dorian}, title = {{OPTIONS FOR GIS BIOENERGY PROJECTS UNDER A GIS IN BULGARIA}}, institution = {Climate Strategies}, year = {2008}, month = dec, url = {https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/cs-bulgariagisbiomass-final-101208.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }