¿ESTAMOS RESPONDIENDO A NUESTROS COMPROMISOS CLIMÁTICOS? ANÁLISIS DESDE EL GASTO PÚBLICO

This research paper analyzes public spending on climate change in Peru, specifically focusing on the Adaptation and Mitigation for Climate Change (AMACC) budget. The author argues that current spending trends and allocations are insufficient to meet Peru's Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by 2030, noting a lack of territorial focus and a significant decline in funding in recent years.

• Peru's greenhouse gas emissions were increasing at an annual rate of 1.94% as of 2016. To meet its non-conditional emission reduction goal by 2030, the annual growth rate would need to be 0.12%, while the conditional goal requires a shift to annual decreases of 0.97%.
• Climate change poses significant macroeconomic risks to Peru. Estimates suggest a potential reduction in GDP per capita of 2.5% by 2030 and 10.7% by 2050. In a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, total GDP could be reduced by at least 11.4% to 15.4% relative to 2010 levels.
• The budget for Adaptation and Mitigation for Climate Change (AMACC) grew steadily until 2018, but experienced a significant drop in 2020 and 2021, with 2021 recording the lowest historical budget at 41.5% of the 2014 level. Budgetary concentration has shifted toward the national government, which held 72% of the AMACC budget by 2020, compared to 18% for regional and 10% for local governments.
• Public investment in AMACC is heavily skewed toward adaptation, which received 86.3% of the budget over the last eight years, while mitigation received 32.4% (including projects covering both). Within adaptation, 64% of projects are in the water sector, where 84% focus on 'grey infrastructure' such as service expansion and optimization.
• There is a significant gap between Peru's international commitments and its actual project implementation. An analysis of 6,031 public investment projects between 2016 and June 2020 revealed that only 44 of the 154 measures considered in the NDCs were identified, representing only 28.5% of the state's environmental commitments.
• Budget allocation lacks a territorial approach, often failing to target the areas of greatest need. For example, the regions of Lima, Cusco, and Apurímac concentrate 49.3% of the adaptation budget for forests, despite San Martín, Loreto, and Ucayali experiencing the highest forest loss in the last five years.
• Mitigation spending is dominated by land use, land-use change, and forestry (USCUSS), which accounts for 57.3% of the accumulated mitigation budget from 2016-2020. In contrast, the energy sector—which represents 61% of NDC mitigation measures—received only 0.5% of the total accumulated mitigation budget in the same period.

APA

Montoya, K. A. (n.d.). ¿ESTAMOS RESPONDIENDO A NUESTROS COMPROMISOS CLIMÁTICOS? ANÁLISIS DESDE EL GASTO PÚBLICO. Climate and Development Knowledge Network. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/Kely-Alfaro_VF.pdf

Chicago

Montoya, Kely Alfaro. ¿ESTAMOS RESPONDIENDO A NUESTROS COMPROMISOS CLIMÁTICOS? ANÁLISIS DESDE EL GASTO PÚBLICO. Climate and Development Knowledge Network, n.d. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/Kely-Alfaro_VF.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Montoya |first1=Kely Alfaro |title=¿ESTAMOS RESPONDIENDO A NUESTROS COMPROMISOS CLIMÁTICOS? ANÁLISIS DESDE EL GASTO PÚBLICO |publisher=Climate and Development Knowledge Network |url=https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/Kely-Alfaro_VF.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{montoyandestamos, author = {Montoya, Kely Alfaro}, title = {{¿ESTAMOS RESPONDIENDO A NUESTROS COMPROMISOS CLIMÁTICOS? ANÁLISIS DESDE EL GASTO PÚBLICO}}, institution = {Climate and Development Knowledge Network}, url = {https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/Kely-Alfaro_VF.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }