Factores Impulsores y Desafíos para el Desarrollo Compatible con el Clima

The document identifies five primary drivers for adopting CCD: national awareness of climate adaptation needs, the pursuit of energy security and resource efficiency, the desire to capture new green economic opportunities, the goal of improving access to climate finance, and strong government leadership. Conversely, it outlines seven key challenges: high implementation and opportunity costs, opposition from vested interest groups, lack of reliable data on risks and trade-offs, political short-termism, limited state capacity, institutional constraints (such as inter-ministerial conflict), and technological uncertainties. The paper suggests solutions including the use of carbon markets, participatory dialogue processes, the integration of climate goals into long-term legislation, and the creation of inter-ministerial committees with direct accountability to the presidency.

• National awareness of the economic necessity for climate adaptation is a primary driver, as climate change disproportionately affects developing nations. For example, severe drought in Kenya from 1998 to 2000 reduced GDP by 16% annually, and in Ethiopia, economic growth potential for 2025 could be halved without climate resilience and a 'green' economy.
• Energy security and resource efficiency drive CCD strategies, particularly for oil-importing developing countries facing rising fuel prices. China's 12th Five-Year Plan specifically emphasizes effective resource management to sustain growth given its large population and per capita resource scarcity.
• Countries seek to capitalize on green economic opportunities, such as solar photovoltaic technology, to generate income and improve international competitiveness. Germany employed approximately 2 million people in green growth sectors in 2006, and China has the potential to create 30 million new green jobs by 2020.
• Access to international climate finance and development aid acts as a catalyst for CCD strategies. Examples include Mexico's attempt to access a US$ 500 million Clean Technology Fund and Guyana's alliance with Norway to access REDD+ funding for forest preservation and renewable energy.
• Strong government leadership is critical, whether from individual leaders (such as the President of Rwanda) or specific institutions. In Kenya, leadership from the Ministry of Environment led to the Ministry of Planning agreeing that the 2013-2017 Medium Term Plan would be 'climate-resilient'.
• High implementation and opportunity costs are major barriers. Adaptation costs in Least Developed Countries could average nearly 13% of GDP by 2030. Opportunity costs are significant when countries possess fossil fuel or forest assets, such as Ecuador's Yasuni-ITT oil field or Guyana's forests.
• Vested interest groups and political opposition, particularly regarding the removal of fossil fuel subsidies, hinder CCD. In 2010, US$ 409 billion was spent globally on fossil fuel subsidies, with 80% of the benefit going to the richest 20% of the population, yet these subsidies remain politically difficult to remove.
• Short-termism in government, driven by electoral pressures, often prioritizes immediate growth over long-term CCD benefits. The document suggests incorporating climate goals into legal processes to reduce vulnerability to electoral cycles.
• Institutional constraints, such as 'turf wars' between ministries and a lack of clear mandates for climate units, impede execution. A study of ten Latin American countries found that while many climate policies exist, execution levels are worryingly low; in Chile, only 25% of recommended measures in the National Climate Change Action Plan were executed.
• Technological uncertainties and high costs of low-carbon alternatives discourage investment. India's National Solar Mission (2009) addressed this by creating a secure investment framework, including 25-year power purchase agreements and a guarantee fund to protect developers from state default.

APA

Ellis, K., Cambray, A., & Lemma, A. (2013). Factores Impulsores y Desafíos para el Desarrollo Compatible con el Clima. Climate and Development Knowledge Network. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN_Documento-de-trabajo-desarrollo-compatible-con-el-clima.pdf

Chicago

Ellis, Karen, Ali Cambray, and Alberto Lemma. Factores Impulsores y Desafíos para el Desarrollo Compatible con el Clima. Climate and Development Knowledge Network, 2013. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN_Documento-de-trabajo-desarrollo-compatible-con-el-clima.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Ellis |first1=Karen |last2=Cambray |first2=Ali |last3=Lemma |first3=Alberto |title=Factores Impulsores y Desafíos para el Desarrollo Compatible con el Clima |publisher=Climate and Development Knowledge Network |date=February 2013 |url=https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN_Documento-de-trabajo-desarrollo-compatible-con-el-clima.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{ellis2013factores, author = {Ellis, Karen and Cambray, Ali and Lemma, Alberto}, title = {{Factores Impulsores y Desafíos para el Desarrollo Compatible con el Clima}}, institution = {Climate and Development Knowledge Network}, year = {2013}, month = feb, url = {https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN_Documento-de-trabajo-desarrollo-compatible-con-el-clima.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }