appendix_a-95b40c0bef8b6fbb.pdf

The document argues that post-combustion carbon capture is a mature technology capable of achieving capture rates of 90% to 99% for coal and natural gas power plants. It provides evidence from existing operational plants, ongoing FEED studies, and techno-economic modeling to demonstrate that CCS is economically viable, particularly when supported by the U.S. 45Q tax credit. The report also details the availability of vast geologic storage capacity in saline aquifers and the existing regulatory framework for safe CO2 injection. Additionally, it examines co-benefits such as the reduction of SO2 and NOx emissions, the impact of different cooling technologies on water consumption, and the operational flexibility of CCS-equipped plants.

• Post-combustion carbon capture technology is considered adequately demonstrated and commercially available for both new and existing coal- and gas-fired power plants, with a long history of application in power and industrial sectors.
• High carbon capture rates of 95% to 99% are technically feasible and cost-reasonable; research indicates that achieving near 100% effective capture can incur negligible energy or cost penalties if the plant is optimized.
• The United States possesses abundant geologic storage potential, with a median estimate of over 8,000 Gt in saline formations, which could support emissions from current fossil-fired power plants for over 5,000 years.
• Techno-economic modeling for the U.S. fleet indicates that total CCS buildout costs (capture, transport, and storage) range from $79.22 to $87.36 per ton of CO2, making it economically viable relative to the IRS Section 45Q tax credit of $85/ton.
• The installation of CCS provides significant air quality co-benefits, as the necessary upstream cleaning to protect amine solvents can reduce SO2 pollution by up to 99%, potentially saving 500 lives per year in the U.S. from SO2 reductions alone.
• Water consumption impacts of CCS depend on the cooling method: wet cooling can increase consumption by 20-30%, whereas dry cooling can actually decrease water consumption by 40-80% by condensing combustion water vapor for reuse.
• CCS does not fundamentally limit the operational flexibility of power plants; high capture rates can be maintained during ramping and start-up/shut-down cycles through the use of solvent storage and optimized steam management.
• The U.S. EPA's Class VI well program provides a robust regulatory framework for the safe and permanent storage of CO2, with recent permitting timelines showing a trend toward faster approvals (e.g., 16 months for the Rose project).

APA

Clean Air Task Force (n.d.). appendix_a-95b40c0bef8b6fbb.pdf. https://cdn.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/07180005/Appendix_A.pdf

Chicago

Clean Air Task Force. appendix_a-95b40c0bef8b6fbb.pdf. n.d. https://cdn.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/07180005/Appendix_A.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Clean Air Task Force |title=appendix_a-95b40c0bef8b6fbb.pdf |url=https://cdn.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/07180005/Appendix_A.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{cleanairtaskforcendappendixa95b40c0bef8b6fbbpdf, author = {{Clean Air Task Force}}, title = {{appendix\_a-95b40c0bef8b6fbb.pdf}}, institution = {Clean Air Task Force}, url = {https://cdn.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/07180005/Appendix_A.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }