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This 2008 report estimates the economic value of ecosystem services in the 40,000 km2 Pimachiowin Aki area of Manitoba and Ontario. It finds a conservative annual value of CDN$121.35 to $130.30 million, driven largely by fishing, water treatment, and carbon sequestration, while noting a massive carbon stock value of up to CDN$17.5 billion. The report argues that the ecosystem benefits are 28 times higher than the CDN$4.48 million in annual public expenditures used for its conservation.

This executive summary describes an economic valuation of ecosystem services within the proposed Pimachiowin Aki World Heritage site, conducted by the International Institute for Sustainable Development to support a UNESCO application. The assessment aims to demonstrate that the site's natural state provides higher value than current economic activity suggests, focusing on services such as carbon sequestration, air and water filtration, and recreation.