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The Pavagada Solar Park in Karnataka, India, utilized a land-leasing model to secure 13,000 acres for a 2,000 MW facility, providing stable income to 2,300 landowners while avoiding the bureaucratic delays of land purchase. Despite contributing to national renewable energy targets, the project has faced significant challenges, including insufficient water planning for panel cleaning in a drought-prone region, a failure to deliver promised local employment and social infrastructure, and the marginalization of non-land-owning pastoralists.