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This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the social and environmental impacts of lithium mining in the Argentine Altiplano. It argues that current UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators often overlook the leadership and lived experiences of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, creating a gap between global policy and local reality. The document proposes a framework for more inclusive stakeholder engagement, capacity building, and the co-creation of SDG indicators to ensure a socially just energy transition.