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Carbon pricing options for international maritime emissions
This research paper evaluates three market-based measures—an offsetting scheme, a maritime emissions trading scheme (ETS), and a climate levy—to address international shipping emissions. The authors assess these options against four criteria: effectiveness, compliance with the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) principles of non-discrimination and no more favourable treatment (NMFT), consideration of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC), and the minimization of transaction costs and administrative burden. The paper concludes that a climate levy is the most appropriate instrument for decarbonizing the sector in alignment with the Paris Agreement.
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Document type: Research paper