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A community guide published by Natural Justice in March 2025 regarding proposed oil and gas survey activities in Blocks 9 and 11B/12B of the Outeniqua Basin, off the southern coast of South Africa. The document outlines the scope of the surveys, potential environmental and socio-economic impacts, and the process for public participation in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process.

An open letter from the Center for International Environmental Law and other organizations calling on global leaders to end offshore oil and gas activities to protect human rights, the right to food, and marine ecosystems in the context of climate change.

The report proposes a new global Convention on Plastic Pollution to address the full lifecycle of plastics, from production and design to waste management. It argues that existing international instruments are fragmented and insufficient to tackle the transboundary crisis of plastic pollution, which causes an estimated $13 billion in annual environmental damage to marine ecosystems.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides practical guidance for World Trade Organization (WTO) members on implementing potential agreements to prohibit harmful fisheries subsidies. It outlines general benchmarking and planning steps, specific implementation strategies for three proposed WTO disciplines—IUU fishing, overfished stocks, and overfishing/overcapacity—and discusses the necessary role of technical assistance for developing countries.

This policy brief evaluates the state of Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) in the Western Indian Ocean, arguing that the region remains overly dependent on international naval forces. It suggests a strategic shift toward low-tech solutions, human intelligence, and better integration between maritime security and the blue economy to build sustainable, regionally-owned capabilities.

This policy brief describes the results of the GES-REG project (2011-2013), which aimed to harmonize the implementation of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) among Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Sweden. The document focuses on improving socio-economic analysis (SEA) capabilities and regional cooperation to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) in the Baltic Sea by 2020.

This report summarizes the seventh Sustainable Development Forum held in Tallinn on October 28,SSSSSS, focused on the maritime economy within the sensitive environment of the Baltic Sea. The event featured presentations and discussions on sustainable blue growth, environmental threats such as eutrophication and plastic pollution, and the development of offshore wind energy and nature tourism in Estonia.

This policy brief summarizes the findings of the GES-REG project, which aimed to harmonize the implementation of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) in the central and north-eastern Baltic Sea. The project focused on improving Economic and Social Analysis (ESA) to help Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Sweden develop cost-effective Programmes of Measures to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) by 2020.

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is a comprehensive international agreement establishing a legal framework for the use, conservation, and management of the world's oceans and seas. It defines various maritime zones, including the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, and the continental shelf, while establishing the International Seabed Authority to manage the 'Area' (the seabed beyond national jurisdiction) as the common heritage of mankind. The document details the rights and duties of coastal and land-locked states, rules for navigation and innocent passage, obligations for the protection of the marine environment, and mechanisms for the settlement of maritime disputes.

This document records the feedback and subsequent adjustments made to the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) program for a transport and mobility development plan in Estonia. It details responses to comments from various government ministries and agencies—including the Environmental Board, Ministry of the Environment, and Ministry of Culture—regarding the scope of environmental, social, and spatial impact assessments.