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This policy brief by RMI argues that system-wide transmission planning is a more efficient and lower-risk method for integrating large loads, such as data centers, into the electric grid compared to the site-specific load interconnection process. The document outlines how comprehensive planning—which typically looks 5 to 20 years ahead—can reduce piecemeal network upgrades and deliver higher benefit-to-cost ratios through scenario planning and phased investment triggers.

The RMI report 'The State of Utility Planning, 2025 Q3' analyzes integrated resource plans (IRPs) for electric utilities across the United States. It finds that utilities are increasing projected load and emissions through 2035, driven by large new loads like data centers and uncertainties in policy and regulation. This has led to a trend of delaying fossil fuel plant retirements to ensure resource adequacy, creating a gap between current utility plans and the net-zero emissions targets required for climate alignment.