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The Free State Environmental Justice Network (FSEJN) has filed an appeal to the Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment to set aside an environmental authorisation (EA) granted on 23 June 2025 to Afro Energy (Pty) Ltd. The EA allows for the exploration of conventional natural gas across approximately 240,000 hectares in the Free State and Mpumalanga provinces. FSEJN argues that the decision by the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE) was unlawful, irrational, and failed to adequately assess climate, air quality, geohydrological, and socio-economic impacts, while also neglecting meaningful public participation.

This case study describes three emergency lawsuits filed in Argentina to halt offshore seismic testing and fossil fuel exploration approved by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development for the Norwegian company Equinor via Resolution 436/2021.

This case study details three legal challenges filed in Argentina to stop offshore seismic testing and fossil fuel exploration by the Norwegian company Equinor, which had been approved by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development via Resolution 436/2021. While the lawsuits raised concerns regarding biodiversity, climate commitments, and public participation, a court order initially halting the activities was later overturned pending an appeal.

The report "Failing the challenge" by Friends of the Earth International is a critical response to Shell's 2003 corporate report. It argues that despite public commitments to sustainable development and human rights, Shell continues to cause significant environmental damage and health crises in communities surrounding its global operations, particularly in the Global South.