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This research paper analyzes the 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' for North Africa, projecting economic growth, poverty reduction, and sectoral shifts by 2043. The scenario integrates 11 sectoral improvements to forecast a significant increase in GDP per capita and a reduction in extreme poverty, while noting an increase in carbon emissions.

A briefing by Global Energy Monitor and the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) reports that China is at risk of missing multiple 2025 climate commitments due to an acceleration in coal power permitting and construction. Despite official pledges to strictly control new coal power, an estimated 114 GW of capacity was approved and 70 GW started construction in 2023. The report argues that this expansion is driven by rigid grid management and a perceived 'policy window' before 2025, leading to significant risks of future overcapacity and stranded assets.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute and the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) evaluates the preliminary implementation of the 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) across 11 countries in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). It synthesizes data from OECD, UN ECE, and other expert reviews to identify regional strengths, weaknesses, and organizational challenges in governance and monitoring.

This executive summary of the 'Annual Review of Low-Carbon Development in China (2011-2012)' evaluates China's performance during its 11th Five-Year Plan (FYP). It details the drivers behind the reduction in energy intensity, the effectiveness of various policy instruments, and the challenges facing the subsequent 12th FYP.

This policy brief evaluates China's efforts to establish a domestic carbon trading system during its 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015). It describes the transition from top-down command-and-control measures to market-based instruments, highlighting the role of regional pilots and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) while identifying significant structural and administrative challenges to achieving a functional national system by 2016.

The 2010 report by the Climate Policy Initiative reviews China's progress during its 11th Five-Year Plan (FYP), which aimed to reduce energy intensity by 20%. The study finds that China was on track to meet this target, with energy intensity decreasing by 15.6% by the end of 2009. While significant gains were made in the power and industrial sectors through plant closures and technology upgrades, the building and transport sectors saw energy use increase due to urbanization and economic growth. The report notes that many policies were top-down administrative measures that may not be cost-effective for future goals, as much of the 'low-hanging fruit' for efficiency gains has already been utilized.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute analyzes the duality of China's climate approach, arguing that its domestic mitigation efforts are primarily driven by urgent energy security concerns rather than environmentalism. While China maintains a pragmatic domestic policy with ambitious energy intensity and renewable targets, its international diplomacy is characterized by a struggle to balance its reputation as a responsible global power with the need to protect its economic development and sovereignty.

This briefing paper examines the perceived tensions between climate change mitigation efforts under the Kyoto Protocol and the economic competitiveness of firms and sectors. It distinguishes between the 'non-Party problem,' where firms in participating countries face disadvantages against those in non-participating nations, and the 'implementation problem,' where differing national strategies within participating regions create internal competitive imbalances. Using Canada and the EU as case studies, the document argues that while these concerns are politically significant, their actual economic impacts may be limited by flexibility mechanisms, sub-national actions in non-participating countries, and potential technological innovations driven by regulation.

This document is a 2019 progress report submitted by Sappi Southern Africa Limited to the South African Department of Environmental Affairs regarding its Annual Pollution Prevention Plan for the 2018 calendar year, focusing specifically on Scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions.

This guide describes the Stock Turnover Analysis methodology within the LEAP software, detailing how to model energy consumption and emissions for both the transport sector and other energy-using technologies based on device lifetimes and vintage-based averages.

This policy brief examines China's evolving role in global climate change mitigation and adaptation, highlighting the intersection of energy security, economic development, and international diplomacy. It details China's domestic targets for reducing energy intensity and increasing renewable energy, while analyzing the geopolitical tensions and trust deficits between China and developed nations like the U.S. and EU.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines China's role in global greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the tension between its rapid economic growth and the need for low-carbon development to meet global temperature targets.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute analyzes China's position in international climate negotiations, highlighting the tension between its goals for economic growth, energy security, and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It details China's domestic energy intensity targets and its strategic balancing act between representing developing nations and seeking advantages in a low-carbon economy.

This fact sheet by the World Resources Institute (WRI) analyzes the potential impacts of the proposed American Power Act (APA) on manufacturing subsectors, specifically focusing on the chemicals industry. It details the APA's permit system for greenhouse gas emissions and the role of free allowance rebates for energy-intensive, trade-exposed industries.

This briefing paper by the World Resources Institute examines the history, current trends, and future goals of energy efficiency in the United States and China. It details bilateral cooperation frameworks established since the 1990s, analyzes the drivers of energy intensity declines in both nations, and outlines specific national targets for buildings, industry, and transportation to reach mid-century net-zero or carbon neutrality goals.