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The document identifies nine clean flexibility tools categorized by their function: optimizing supply, storing energy, sharing electricity, and shifting demand. These tools include pumped hydro, batteries, long duration energy storage (LDES), green hydrogen, grids and interconnectors, peak shaving, and smart electrification. It argues that while the Azerbaijani delegation at COP29 proposed targets for storage, grid expansion, and green hydrogen, a comprehensive approach must also include demand-shifting and supply-flexibility tools to fully unlock renewable energy potential.

The report categorizes battery energy storage services into three stakeholder groups: ISO/RTOs, utilities, and customers. It details the technical application and economic value of services such as frequency regulation, resource adequacy, and demand charge reduction. The document includes a meta-study of six major energy storage valuation publications and outlines specific use-case assumptions for commercial and residential systems in San Francisco, New York, and Phoenix.

The Battery Balance of System Charrette report identifies critical barriers to the scaling of behind-the-meter (BTM) energy storage in the U.S., specifically focusing on high non-cell costs, lack of standardization, and limited monetization opportunities. The document outlines a framework for reducing 'balance of system' (BBoS) costs through hardware standardization, streamlined interconnection and permitting, and the creation of new distribution-level markets for aggregated storage services.