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This research paper by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) analyzes bilateral trade between Ethiopia and the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) from 1995 to 2012. It finds that while trade has increased significantly, particularly with China and India, the relationship remains a typical 'North-South' pattern where Ethiopia exports primary products and imports manufactured goods and machinery.

This research paper by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) examines the trade relations between Nigeria and the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The study analyzes trade intensity, complementarity, and the resulting impact on Nigeria's GDP, concluding that while Nigeria maintains trade surpluses with several BRICS members, its exports are heavily concentrated in crude oil, and its economic growth is significantly influenced by imports from China and exports to South Africa.