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The report identifies livestock fermentation, rice cultivation, and land-use changes as primary drivers of agri-food methane emissions. It argues that transitioning to plant-rich diets, improving livestock management, and adopting sustainable rice farming can reduce greenhouse gases while improving public health by reducing air pollution and non-communicable diseases.

The report details how the energy sector contributes significantly to global anthropogenic methane emissions, specifically through oil and gas extraction (23%) and coal mining (12%). It highlights the severe health risks associated with methane and its co-pollutants, such as tropospheric ozone, NOx, and PM2.5, which contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The document advocates for a full phase-out of fossil fuels while recommending immediate technical solutions—such as leak detection, vapor recovery units, and the banning of fracking—to reduce near-term warming and protect public health, particularly in vulnerable communities in Iraq, Nigeria, South Africa, and Canada.