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A 2023 national survey in Bhutan identified 302 unique red pandas across 15 districts using non-invasive genetic analysis of 482 fecal samples. The study revealed a population structure consisting of three distinct genetic clusters (western, central, and eastern), with evidence of significant inbreeding (mean Fis = 0.55) and a historical population bottleneck approximately 5,000 years ago. While the population is currently in demographic equilibrium, the report emphasizes the need for habitat protection and the enhancement of biological corridors to facilitate gene flow and reduce genetic isolation.

The National Snow Leopard Survey 2022-2023 estimated a population of 134 snow leopards in Bhutan, representing a 39.5% increase from the 2016 baseline of 96 individuals. Using camera traps across 310 stations and non-invasive genetic analysis of scat, the study found higher population densities and habitat suitability in western Bhutan. The report reaffirms Bhutan as a conservation stronghold, noting the presence of breeding individuals and abundant prey, specifically blue sheep, while recommending strengthened patrolling, livestock insurance schemes, and periodic national surveys to maintain population viability.

The 2022 KAZA Elephant Survey estimated a total population of 227,900 elephants across the KAZA TFCA, with the majority located in Botswana (58%) and Zimbabwe (29%). The survey also identified 26,641 elephant carcasses, resulting in an all-carcass ratio of 10.47%, which the authors suggest may be a "warning sign for the health and stability of the elephant population." Beyond elephants, the survey estimated populations for various wildlife species and domestic livestock, noting a ratio of 1.16 wild animals to 1 domestic animal in the survey area. The report details the technical execution of the survey, including the use of systematic transect sampling across 179 strata and the implementation of CITES MIKE Aerial Survey Standards.