{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["population survey"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'population survey' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":3,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=population+survey","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"wwf-000407","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000407","title":"RED PANDA STATUS IN BHUTAN","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/692/3duh1dztfc_red_panda_report_2_.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A 2023 national survey in Bhutan identified 302 unique red pandas across 15 districts using non-invasive genetic analysis of 482 fecal samples. The study revealed a population structure consisting of three distinct genetic clusters (western, central, and eastern), with evidence of significant inbreeding (mean Fis = 0.55) and a historical population bottleneck approximately 5,000 years ago. While the population is currently in demographic equilibrium, the report emphasizes the need for habitat protection and the enhancement of biological corridors to facilitate gene flow and reduce genetic isolation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000407#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The national survey identified 302 unique red panda individuals from 482 collected fecal samples, with the highest concentrations found in Jigme Khesar Strict Nature Reserve (42 individuals) and Jigme Dorji National Park (39 individuals).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000407#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Red pandas were detected in 19 of Bhutan's 20 districts, with the only exception being Pemagatshel. The estimated Area of Occupancy (AOO) is 1,436 km², while the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is 28,651.364 km².","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000407#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Genetic analysis using microsatellites revealed a significant level of inbreeding within the Bhutanese red panda population, with a mean inbreeding coefficient (Fis) of 0.55 ± 0.044.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000407#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The population is structured into three distinct genetic clusters corresponding to western, central, and eastern Bhutan. The central population shows an admixed pattern, suggesting it may act as a mixing zone for gene flow between the western and eastern groups.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000407#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mitochondrial DNA analysis identified 21 haplotypes in Bhutan, with Haplotype H3 being the most common across 13 districts. Haplotype sharing was also observed between red panda populations in Bhutan and India, indicating ancestral gene flow.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000407#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Demographic analysis suggests the population is currently in equilibrium, but a Bayesian skyline plot indicates a sharp decline in effective population size approximately 5,000 years ago, followed by a more recent expansion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000407#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study identifies several critical threats to red pandas in Bhutan, specifically free-roaming dogs used for livestock protection, habitat degradation caused by climate change, and a lack of ecological awareness among local communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000407#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","biodiversity conservation"],"geography_discussed":["India","People's Republic of China","Tibet"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["population survey","genetic analysis","habitat suitability modelling"]},{"id":"wwf-000751","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000751","title":"SNOW LEOPARD STATUS IN BHUTAN","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/737/7r1onvdokp_NSLS_Report_B5.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The National Snow Leopard Survey 2022-2023 estimated a population of 134 snow leopards in Bhutan, representing a 39.5% increase from the 2016 baseline of 96 individuals. Using camera traps across 310 stations and non-invasive genetic analysis of scat, the study found higher population densities and habitat suitability in western Bhutan. The report reaffirms Bhutan as a conservation stronghold, noting the presence of breeding individuals and abundant prey, specifically blue sheep, while recommending strengthened patrolling, livestock insurance schemes, and periodic national surveys to maintain population viability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000751#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Bayesian Spatially Explicit Capture Recapture (SECR) model estimated the snow leopard population in Bhutan at 134 individuals (95% CI: 121 to 148), which is a 39.5% increase from the 2016 baseline of 96 individuals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000751#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The mean density of snow leopards was estimated at 1.34 individuals per 100 km2 (95% CI: 1.2 to 1.48), with higher densities and more suitable habitats predicted in western Bhutan compared to central and eastern regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000751#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Camera trap data identified 96 adult individuals (45 male, 51 female) and 10 cubs, with the highest number of individuals captured in Jigme Dorji National Park (53).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000751#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-invasive genetic analysis of 184 carnivore fecal samples resulted in 71 positive detections for snow leopards, with 31 successfully genotyped to identify 22 unique individuals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000751#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The survey recorded a high abundance of blue sheep, the primary prey of the snow leopard, across 185 camera stations, which supports the viability of the carnivore population.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000751#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The survey documented habitat overlap between snow leopards and other large carnivores, including tigers and common leopards, with some camera stations capturing both species.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000751#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The survey provided the first record of Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris) in Bhutan, captured at a station in DFO Paro.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000751#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Human-snow leopard conflict persists due to livestock predation, particularly yak calves, with higher reported incidences in JKSNR, DFO Paro, and JDNP.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000751#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To ensure long-term survival, the report recommends establishing livestock insurance schemes, providing coral fencing to yak herders, and introducing community-based wildlife tourism in high-density areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000751#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change"],"geography_discussed":["Wangchuck Centennial National Park","Jigme Khesar Strict Nature Reserve","Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary","Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park","Paro","Thimphu"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["population survey","genetic analysis","habitat modelling"]},{"id":"wwf-000615","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000615","title":"AN AERIAL SURVEY OF ELEPHANTS AND OTHER LARGE HERBIVORES IN THE KAVANGO ZAMBEZI TRANSFRONTIER CONSERVATION AREA","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/598/5si83x57zx_1._KAZA_Elephant_Survey_Volume_I.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2022 KAZA Elephant Survey estimated a total population of 227,900 elephants across the KAZA TFCA, with the majority located in Botswana (58%) and Zimbabwe (29%). The survey also identified 26,641 elephant carcasses, resulting in an all-carcass ratio of 10.47%, which the authors suggest may be a \"warning sign for the health and stability of the elephant population.\" Beyond elephants, the survey estimated populations for various wildlife species and domestic livestock, noting a ratio of 1.16 wild animals to 1 domestic animal in the survey area. The report details the technical execution of the survey, including the use of systematic transect sampling across 179 strata and the implementation of CITES MIKE Aerial Survey Standards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000615#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The total estimated population of African savanna elephants in the KAZA TFCA survey area is 227,900 (±16,743), achieving a percentage relative precision (PRP) of 7.34%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000615#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The survey estimated 26,641 (±1,645) elephant carcasses, leading to an overall all-carcass ratio (CR14) of 10.47%, which is considered a high level of mortality that may signal instability in the population.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000615#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Elephant distribution is highly uneven across the five partner states: Botswana holds 58% of the population, Zimbabwe 29%, Namibia 9%, and Zambia and Angola combined account for the remaining 4%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000615#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The survey estimated populations for several other wildlife species in the KAZA TFCA survey area: impala (100,028), zebra (88,250), buffalo (78,264), red lechwe (137,959), and giraffe (12,771).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000615#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Domestic livestock in the survey area was estimated at 736,426 animals, consisting of 73% cattle and 24% sheep and goats, creating a ratio of 1.16 wild animals for every 1 domestic animal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000615#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Recent mortality, measured by the fresh and recent carcass ratio (CR12), was estimated at 0.51% for the KAZA TFCA, with the highest ratios found in Botswana (0.72%), Angola (0.57%), and the Kavango Zambezi zone (0.49%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000615#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The survey observed a pattern of spatial segregation where elephants are generally absent from regions with high densities of human settlements and livestock.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000615#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The survey covered 60% of the KAZA TFCA (310,865 km²), utilizing 195 flights across 179 strata with an overall sampling intensity of 6.9%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000615#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Photo interpretation of observed groups led to a 2.2% increase in the final estimated population of elephants in the KAZA TFCA compared to raw observer data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000615#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The survey adhered to CITES MIKE Aerial Survey Standards Version 3.0, with a mean flight height of 91.8 m AGL and a mean ground speed of 171.5 km.hr-1.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000615#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity"],"geography_discussed":["South Africa","France"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["population survey","spatial analysis","technical report"]}]}