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The report examines how developing countries can utilize WTO-consistent support measures for rural development and the environment, focusing on the 'Green Box' of the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA). It analyzes the practices of 'Quad' countries (EU, USA, Canada, Japan) and evaluates three potential negotiation scenarios for the Doha Round, ranging from strict liberalization to expanded flexibilities for development needs. The author recommends that developing countries push for a new 'Development Box' or expanded Green Box access to protect food security and rural livelihoods while transitioning toward decoupled support.

The document analyzes sustainable agriculture practices in the EU, USA, Canada, and Japan, focusing on 'Green Box' measures that are minimally trade-distorting. It examines the tension in the Doha Round between 'ambitious' net-food exporters seeking stricter limits on subsidies and 'cautious' or 'special consideration' groups advocating for flexibility to address non-trade concerns (NTCs) like food security and rural development. The author suggests that developing countries should push for a 'Development Box' and maintain Green Box access to protect small farmers and the environment while transitioning to open markets.