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This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the use of territorial and consumption-based accounting (CBA) approaches to quantify greenhouse gas emissions within spatial planning at the subnational level across four European case studies.

This fact sheet by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) compares the methodologies and estimates used by four international organizations—the OECD, IEA, IMF, and GSI—to measure government support and subsidies for fossil fuels. It highlights how differences in coverage, definitions, and measurement techniques (such as the 'Inventory Approach' versus the 'Price-Gap Approach') lead to varying headline estimates.