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intitle:
The document title intitle:"climate education"
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The publishing organization ispublisher:CAPE
insummary:
Summary and key findings insummary:"conflict of interest"
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Climate tags, frame/perspective and analysis type hasconcept:"Climate Justice"
geography:
Regions the document covers or discusses geography:Canada
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Analysis TypeInternational relations
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  • The paper analyzes German foreign policy in Afghanistan post-9/11, rejecting the idea that it was solely driven by a 'culture of restraint' or operational adaptation. Instead, it proposes a 'two-level game' framework where Berlin navigated demands from NATO allies (particularly the US) and domestic public opposition. The author identifies four phases: an initial 'high risk' response to 9/11, a 'risk-minimization' defensive phase (2002-2006), an 'offensive risk-minimization' phase (2007-2011) characterized by symbolic COIN operations and increased aid, and a final 'zero risk' decision to withdraw by 2014 following US policy shifts.

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    Peace Research Institute Oslo

    Document type: Research paper

    Regions: GermanyAfghanistan
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