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Institutional Variance of the Democratic Peace, 1816-2002: Electoral, Executive, and Federal Systems in Time and Space
The document is a codebook for a dataset tracking three dimensions of governmental institutions from 1816 to 2002: electoral systems (Majority-Plurality, Semi-proportional, Proportional Representation), executive forms (Presidential, Semi-presidential, Parliamentary, Military, Non-elective), and federalism (Unitary, Semi-federal, Federal). It defines the criteria for state inclusion based on Gleditsch and Ward (1999), requiring autonomous administration, recognition as a distinct entity, and a population over 250,000. The document details the methodology for classifying these systems, including the use of the Polity4 index to identify democracies (score >= 3) and the extrapolation of data to fill gaps during World Wars. A comprehensive coding scheme is provided for numerous countries, listing their institutional transitions over the specified period.
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Document type: Research paper