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The document identifies a significant gap between Rwanda's ambitious national sanitation policies, such as Vision 2020, and the reality of toilet construction and usage in rural areas. Field research in the Burera district reveals that most facilities do not meet government hygiene standards due to socio-economic factors, lack of technical support, and ineffective information transfer. The brief argues that current monitoring methods overstate progress by focusing on the presence of technology rather than its functional use, and recommends a function-based monitoring approach alongside improved community coordination and financial schemes.