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This case study analyzes the financing and policy requirements for the Philippines to achieve universal energy access by 2030. It details the current state of electricity and clean cooking access, projecting the necessary capital for mini-grids, stand-alone solar, and improved cookstoves (ICS), while identifying regulatory barriers and affordability gaps.

This case study analyzes the energy access landscape in Madagascar, focusing on the financing and infrastructure requirements to achieve universal electricity and clean cooking access by 2030. It contrasts a 'business as usual' (BAU) scenario, where grid access declines due to population growth, with a forecast scenario requiring significant investment in stand-alone solar, mini-grids, and improved cookstoves (ICS). The report highlights profound affordability challenges for rural households and the need for quality standards and regulatory consistency to attract private investment.