AREA OF FOREST OCCUPIED BY THE COLONIES OF MONARCH BUTTERFLIES IN MEXICO DURING THE 2022-2023 OVERWINTERING PERIOD

During the second half of December 2022, monarch butterfly colonies in Mexico occupied 2.21 hectares of forest, representing a 22% decrease from the 2.84 hectares recorded in 2021. Of the 11 colonies identified, six (1.52 ha) were located within the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) and five (0.69 ha) were outside the reserve. The largest colony (0.797 ha) was found in Ejido El Rosario, while the smallest (0.004 ha) was in Ejido El Potrero. The report identifies climate change, forest degradation in Mexico, and the decline of milkweed in the United States as primary threats to the species.

• In the second half of December 2022, 11 monarch butterfly colonies occupied a total of 2.21 hectares of forest, which is a 22% decrease compared to the 2.84 hectares recorded in 2021.
• The distribution of the colonies showed that 1.52 hectares (six colonies) were located inside the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR), while 0.69 hectares (five colonies) were located outside the reserve.
• Within the Monarch Region, the largest colony occupied 0.797 hectares in Ejido El Rosario (Sierra Campanario Sanctuary), and the smallest occupied 0.004 hectares in Ejido El Potrero (Cerro de la Antena Sanctuary).
• A colony occupying 0.019 hectares was recorded in Atlautla, which is located outside the Monarch Region and adjacent to the Iztaccihuatl-Popocatepetl National Park.
• The report identifies three main threats to monarch butterflies: climate change, land use change in North America and forest degradation in Mexico, and the decline of milkweed at reproduction sites in the United States caused by herbicide use.

APA

E., R.-S., FERNÁNDEZ-ISLAS, A., MENDOZA-PÉREZ, M., CRUZ-PIÑA, M., MONDRAGÓN-CONTRERAS, G., & MARTÍNEZ-PACHECO, A. (n.d.). AREA OF FOREST OCCUPIED BY THE COLONIES OF MONARCH BUTTERFLIES IN MEXICO DURING THE 2022-2023 OVERWINTERING PERIOD. WWF International. https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/1036/3oj167d505_WWF_Monarch_Butterfly_Report_2022_2023_FINAL.pdf

Chicago

E., RENDÓN-SALINAS,, A. FERNÁNDEZ-ISLAS, M.A. MENDOZA-PÉREZ, M. CRUZ-PIÑA, G. MONDRAGÓN-CONTRERAS, and A. MARTÍNEZ-PACHECO. AREA OF FOREST OCCUPIED BY THE COLONIES OF MONARCH BUTTERFLIES IN MEXICO DURING THE 2022-2023 OVERWINTERING PERIOD. WWF International, n.d. https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/1036/3oj167d505_WWF_Monarch_Butterfly_Report_2022_2023_FINAL.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=E. |first1=RENDÓN-SALINAS, |last2=FERNÁNDEZ-ISLAS |first2=A. |last3=MENDOZA-PÉREZ |first3=M.A. |last4=CRUZ-PIÑA |first4=M. |last5=MONDRAGÓN-CONTRERAS |first5=G. |last6=MARTÍNEZ-PACHECO |first6=A. |title=AREA OF FOREST OCCUPIED BY THE COLONIES OF MONARCH BUTTERFLIES IN MEXICO DURING THE 2022-2023 OVERWINTERING PERIOD |publisher=WWF International |url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/1036/3oj167d505_WWF_Monarch_Butterfly_Report_2022_2023_FINAL.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{endarea, author = {E., RENDÓN-SALINAS, and FERNÁNDEZ-ISLAS, A. and MENDOZA-PÉREZ, M.A. and CRUZ-PIÑA, M. and MONDRAGÓN-CONTRERAS, G. and MARTÍNEZ-PACHECO, A.}, title = {{AREA OF FOREST OCCUPIED BY THE COLONIES OF MONARCH BUTTERFLIES IN MEXICO DURING THE 2022-2023 OVERWINTERING PERIOD}}, institution = {WWF International}, url = {https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/1036/3oj167d505_WWF_Monarch_Butterfly_Report_2022_2023_FINAL.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }