wrr-2010-11-question-2-response-4-4556a3abbf19a55b.pdf

This research paper examines climate change vulnerability and adaptation in Sudan, highlighting the critical dependence of food security on erratic rainfall. It predicts significant declines in millet and sorghum yields in the Kordofan Region by 2060 and warns of increased malaria risks and water crises. The authors argue that while the Environmental Protection Act of 2001 and the National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) provide frameworks, effective adaptation requires moving away from top-down, sectorial planning toward integrated national planning, land tenure reform, and the establishment of a national early warning system.

• Sudan is highly vulnerable to climate change because food security is primarily dependent on rainfall, especially in rural areas where over 65% of the population resides.
• Climate models for the Kordofan Region predict significant declines in crop yields between 2030 and 2060: millet production is expected to drop by 15% to 62%, sorghum by 29% to 71%, and gum Arabic by 25% to 30%.
• Sudan faces dual threats from drought and flooding. A trend of decreasing annual rainfall (0.5% over 60 years) has led to prolonged droughts, such as the 1978-1987 period which caused millions of people to migrate or be displaced. Conversely, the country suffers from two types of floods: those caused by overflow of the River Nile and its tributaries (notably in 1946, 1988, 1994, 1998, and 2001) and those resulting from heavy localized summer rainfall.
• Climate change is expected to increase health risks in Sudan, specifically by substantially increasing the transmission potential of malaria by 2060, particularly in the Kordofan Region.
• Non-climatic factors exacerbate vulnerability in rural communities, including deep poverty, lack of income diversity, resource mismanagement, deforestation, and poor sanitation and health services.
• Sudan's strategic planning is criticized for being sectorial, top-down, and led by small groups of politicians and professionals without grassroots consultation, which has hindered the success of agricultural development plans.
• To mainstream climate adaptation, the document recommends several policy actions: adopting a national land use plan, reforming land tenure, establishing a national early warning system, and ensuring the provision of safe potable water for rural areas and migrating tribes to reduce conflict between farmers and herders.

APA

World Resources Institute (n.d.). wrr-2010-11-question-2-response-4-4556a3abbf19a55b.pdf. https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/2023-01/wrr-2010-11-question-2-response-4.pdf

Chicago

World Resources Institute. wrr-2010-11-question-2-response-4-4556a3abbf19a55b.pdf. n.d. https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/2023-01/wrr-2010-11-question-2-response-4.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=World Resources Institute |title=wrr-2010-11-question-2-response-4-4556a3abbf19a55b.pdf |url=https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/2023-01/wrr-2010-11-question-2-response-4.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{worldresourcesinstitutendwrr201011question2response44556a3abbf19a55bpdf, author = {{World Resources Institute}}, title = {{wrr-2010-11-question-2-response-4-4556a3abbf19a55b.pdf}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, url = {https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/2023-01/wrr-2010-11-question-2-response-4.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }