Indonesia’s Draft Climate Plan (INDC): A Good Start, but Improvements Necessary for Success

A briefing by the World Resources Institute analyzing Indonesia's draft Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) published on September 1, 2015. The document evaluates Indonesia's proposed emissions reduction targets and provides recommendations to improve transparency and ambition before the final submission to the UNFCCC for COP 21.

• Indonesia's draft INDC proposes two emissions reduction targets for 2030 relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario: an unconditional reduction of 29 percent and a conditional reduction of 41 percent if the country receives international assistance and cooperation.
• The World Resources Institute identifies a significant transparency gap because Indonesia has not published the specific BAU scenario emissions against which its reduction targets are measured, making it impossible to track progress or determine future global emissions.
• The draft INDC designates 12.7 million hectares (31.4 million acres) of forest for conservation, sustainable use, ecosystem restoration, and social forestry. However, the WRI notes that the specific mitigation impacts are unclear and suggests adding a quantitative carbon stock target or prioritizing the restoration of degraded lands to maximize benefits, as nearly 55 percent of Indonesia's emissions result from peatland destruction, forest degradation, and deforestation.
• The WRI recommends that Indonesia increase its unconditional target beyond 29 percent by incorporating an "optimistic" scenario analyzed by the Planning Ministry (BAPPENAS), potentially presenting a range of commitments similar to those used by the United States and China.

APA

Fransen, T. (2015). Indonesia’s Draft Climate Plan (INDC): A Good Start, but Improvements Necessary for Success. World Resources Institute. https://www.wri.org/insights/indonesias-draft-climate-plan-indc-good-start-improvements-necessary-success

Chicago

Fransen, Taryn. Indonesia’s Draft Climate Plan (INDC): A Good Start, but Improvements Necessary for Success. World Resources Institute, 2015. https://www.wri.org/insights/indonesias-draft-climate-plan-indc-good-start-improvements-necessary-success.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Fransen |first1=Taryn |title=Indonesia’s Draft Climate Plan (INDC): A Good Start, but Improvements Necessary for Success |publisher=World Resources Institute |date=16 September 2015 |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/indonesias-draft-climate-plan-indc-good-start-improvements-necessary-success |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{fransen2015indonesias, author = {Fransen, Taryn}, title = {{Indonesia’s Draft Climate Plan (INDC): A Good Start, but Improvements Necessary for Success}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, year = {2015}, month = sep, url = {https://www.wri.org/insights/indonesias-draft-climate-plan-indc-good-start-improvements-necessary-success}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }