City-Scale, City-Relevant Climate Hazard Indicators Under 1.5°C, 2.0°C, and 3.0°C of Global Warming

This research paper describes a dataset of 14 temperature- and precipitation-related climate hazard indicators for 996 large cities, analyzed under global warming scenarios of 1.5°C, 2.0°C, and 3.0°C above a 1994-2014 historical baseline.

• The dataset includes 14 city-relevant climate hazards divided into 10 temperature-based indicators (such as highest annual temperature, heatwave duration, and mosquito-optimal temperatures) and four precipitation-based indicators (including highest annual one-day precipitation, drought days, and landslide risk). These indicators are calculated at a spatial resolution of 0.25-degree for 996 large cities to assist in planning for public health, energy infrastructure, and economic health.
• Comparing warming scenarios shows that at 3.0°C of global warming, cities will experience heatwaves that are on average 28% longer and 25% more frequent than at 1.5°C. Additionally, energy demand for cooling is expected to increase for cities.
• The analysis indicates a general increase in the annual number of days with high transmission risk for arboviruses, contrasted with a modest decline in the number of days with high malaria-transmission risk. The paper notes that these results vary across income groups and geographically.

APA

World Resources Institute (n.d.). City-Scale, City-Relevant Climate Hazard Indicators Under 1.5°C, 2.0°C, and 3.0°C of Global Warming. https://www.wri.org/research/technical-note-city-climate-hazards-warming-scenarios

Chicago

World Resources Institute. City-Scale, City-Relevant Climate Hazard Indicators Under 1.5°C, 2.0°C, and 3.0°C of Global Warming. n.d. https://www.wri.org/research/technical-note-city-climate-hazards-warming-scenarios.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=World Resources Institute |title=City-Scale, City-Relevant Climate Hazard Indicators Under 1.5°C, 2.0°C, and 3.0°C of Global Warming |url=https://www.wri.org/research/technical-note-city-climate-hazards-warming-scenarios |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{worldresourcesinstitutendcityscale, author = {{World Resources Institute}}, title = {{City-Scale, City-Relevant Climate Hazard Indicators Under 1.5°C, 2.0°C, and 3.0°C of Global Warming}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, url = {https://www.wri.org/research/technical-note-city-climate-hazards-warming-scenarios}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }